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Th(^ T, Atrated Series. No. 10. July, 1890. Issued Quarterly. Subscription, S2.00. 
Kutered as second-class mail matter at Chicago Post Office, June 14,1888. 






EDITED BY 

JOHN C. ECKEL 

AND 

FRANK CONNELLY. 


RAND, MCNALLY &. CO. 

PUBLISHERS, 

Chicago and NewYork, 


ILLUSTRATED. 

















/ 









UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


BASE-BALL—ITS HISTORY. 

The American public has long since set its stamp of 
approval upon the game of base-ball. As a form of out¬ 
door amusement, its equal has never been found. Foot¬ 
ball and cricket are the only games which approach 
within hailing distance, and such are the inroads which the 
great American pastime is making upon the two which 
England has given us, that it is hardly straining a point 
to say in a few more years there will be but one game, 
and that the one of which a history is about to be given. 
Indeed, arrangements have been made to introduce it in 
England, and a number of noted base-ball players have 
already gone to Great Britain to instruct our English 
cousins in the rudiments and the technique of the game. 
If the other European nations fail to introduce its 
beauties into their athletic sports, it will be becaus^e the 
game is too distinctively American for any but the 
Americans to master. 

Embodying all the elements which go to make up the 
pushing, progressive, and tireless life of the successful 
men of this country, it is the type of an American game. 

C5) 






• 'f'’* 

6 UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 

It contains nothing of the well-known roughness of foot¬ 
ball, and, on the other hand, nothing of the dull slowness 
of cricket. But for vim, snap, and go, it is thoroughly 
characteristic of the great nation which supports it so 
nobly. 

To furnish a complete history of base-ball, the writer 
is usually in very sorry straits to find a starting point, a 
“ first cause.” A noted player has well and truly writ¬ 
ten, that the literature on the origin of the game is very 
scarce. It is well known, however, that the ball has 
been used in a number , of games among the civilized 
ancients; and, for that matter, usually a stick or some 
sort of an implement with which the ball was propelled or 
struck. One of the favorite games of the North Ameri¬ 
can Indians was one in which a ball and a primitive bat 
were the leading factors, and even at this day the abo¬ 
riginal la-crosse is finding favor with civilized Ameri¬ 
cans. Hockey or shinny is an old English game which 
dates back to the thirteenth century, if the writer mis¬ 
takes not,,and who knows if this game may not be the 
“ primordial first cause ” of base-ball. 

The theory that the game had its immediate deriva¬ 
tion irom the English game of “ rounders ” has many 
adherents up to the present day, and, per contra, there are 
many who deride the idea, and claim it to be a strictly 
American game—conceived here, nurtured here, and 
brought to its present high state of perfection. An 
examination of the English game furnishes some points 
of similarity from which the great game of to-day may 






BASE-BALL—ITS HISTORY. 


7 


have sprung. In both games there are “sides;” a ball 
is used, which is thrown or “ tossed ” to the batter; a fly- 
ball caught puts the latter out; and there are bases which 
must be run, and any base-runner caught between the 
bags is put out. Thus far the similarity can be traced, 
but no further. While in base-ball the field is a diamond, 
in “rounders” it is pentagonal in shape. Another 
marked difference is the number of players engaged in 
the game. In base-ball it can not exceed eighteen, 
though in the other game there is practically no limit. 
There are other points of difference in the details of the 
plays which cut no particular figure. The main point 
to determine seems to be whether “ rounders ” was really 
played before base-ball. This has never been done, and 
the proponents of the game of “rounders” being the 
parent of base-ball, must needs cut a sorry figure in 
making out their case. 

The earliest players all agree that base-ball was the 
legitimate offspring of the old American game of “ cat- 
ball.” This is the original American ball game, and the 
memory of man does not reach beyond the time when it 
was not played. In the West and South, this game was 
sometimes called “ practise,” from the fact that the player 
made the rounds consecutively of all the positions now 
played in base-ball. For instance, if he were fortunate 
enough to be the first man to choose the batter’s position, 
he could hold it until he was put out, either by a fly-ball 
being caught or by being touched between the bases. In 
either event, he took the most inferior position, which was 





8 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


usually in the field; and as each man was put out, he was 
advanced along the different fielding positions, until he 
reached the pitcher’s box, when he became catcher, and 
finally he reached the coveted position of batter once 
more. There were no “ sides ” to this game, and there 
was, as in “ rounders,” no limitation as to the number of 
players. It will be readily observed that there is but a 
short gradation between “ cat-ball ” and the national 
game of the present day. The selection of “ sides ” and 
a score of the runs made by each was all that was neces¬ 
sary. It is therefore a fair presumption that base-ball 
is a thoroughly American institution, even from its 
inception. 

It appears to be very certain that base-ball was first 
played in America at the beginning of the present cent¬ 
ury, although there is no authentic record of this fact 
prior to 1825. There was little interest taken in it, ex¬ 
cepting at colleges, and the game dragged out an unin¬ 
teresting existence until 1845. It is this year which 
practically marks the era of organized base-ball. A 
number of well-known gentlemen associated themselves 
into a permanent organization, which they called “ The 
Knickerbocker Club.” A constitution and by-laws were 
prepared, and in this manner, though unconsciously, 
they laid the foundation of the great game. Their 
grounds was the Elysian Field, near New York, and for 
a half-dozen years they played regularly, forming the 
two nines from the membership of the club. In 1851, 
other clubs were organized, and in a few years a dozen 



BASE-BALL—ITS HISTORY. 


9 


clubs were in the field. Among these were the Mutual, 
Excelsior, Union, Baltic, Gotham, Eagle, Atlantic, Eck- 
ford, and Putnam. 

During the next six years the game began to find pop¬ 
ular favor. The public at once discovered in it merits 
which could not be found in any other game. It brought 
into active play the activity, manliness, and skill which 
did not present themselves in the outdoor games then 
played. Consequent to its growth was called the first 
delegate convention of base-ball clubs. It met in 1857, 
and included representatives from all the clubs which 
had been located in the neighborhood of New York and 
Brooklyn. Rules were drawn up, and these governed 
the organizations under the jurisdiction of the conven¬ 
tion. 

The following year, so rapidly had base-ball strode to 
the front, another convention was called, and in this the 
delegates from twenty-five clubs held seats. “ The 
National Association of Base-ball Players ” was duly 
organized, and for its government a constitution and by¬ 
laws, permanent in their character, were adopted. Prac¬ 
tical base-ball men were kept on a committee whose 
duty it was to revise the rules of the game in conformity 
with its advancement from year to year. It was during 
this same year, 1858, that two cities, represented by their 
respective ball teams, met in a series of three games for 
a test of superiority. The cities were New York and 
Brooklyn, and the games were played on the well-known 
and historical Fashion Course, Long Island. The local 


10 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


interest was at a fever heat, and partisan feeling ran 
very high. Immense crowds attended the games, which 
were won by the New York team capturing two of 
the three games. The same teams, in i86i, played for a 
silver ball, a trophy offered by the New York Clipper. 
This time the tables were turned, and Brooklyn was an 
easy victor. It is said that fully fifteen thousand people 
attended. 

When the “ National Association” met in i860, seventy 
clubs had delegates present, representing New York, 
Brooklyn, Boston, New Haven, Newark, Troy, Albany, 
Buffalo, and even far-off Detroit, besides many other 
cities. The first trip of a ball team was made this year, 
the Excelsior Club, of Brooklyn, making a circuit which 
included Buffalo, Rochester, Troy, Albany, and New¬ 
burgh. Every game was won by the Brooklyn team, 
and this gave the game another strong impetus. In 
this year the leading American cities, from Portland, 
Me., to San Francisco, and from Detroit to New Orleans, 
had its champion base-ball team, and the great game 
had captured the country as the leading outdoor pas¬ 
time. With the outbreak of the civil war came a general 
suspension of play, and it was not until 1865 that even 
friendly contests were attempted. 

Many members of the professional clubs had laid down 
life or limb on the battle-field, and attempts at a reorgan¬ 
ization were abandoned, owing to an absence of material. 
However, for the next three seasons amateur base-ball 
reached the acme of its existence, and during this time 


BASE-BALL-ITS HISTORY. 


11 


many men who afterward became noted players received 
their base-ball education. The different clubs had, in the 
meantime begun to strengthen themselves, and one of 
the means of doing this was to offer first-class amateurs 
financial inducements that they might be secured as 
members. A rule had been adopted in 1859 prohibiting 
the participation of paid players in base-ball matches. 
This rule had been violated time and again, and in 1866 
the rule was rehabilitated, but without any appreciable 
effect. Finally, two years later, the association con¬ 
cluded' to recognize the professional class of base-ball 
players. This had a most beneficial effect on the profes¬ 
sionals, because it placed the stamp of legitimacy upon 
their business, and they were permitted to conduct their 
affairs on business principles. But this condition of 
things was short-lived. It did not take many seasons 
before the principle upon which the professional fabric 
was constructed was badly mutilated. The competition 
for players became very animated, and the clubs with the 
largest exchequer began to reach for the strongest men. 
Larger pecuniary offers were accepted by many players, 
regardless of existing contracts, and the result was that 
chaos reigned once more. 

• In 1876, “The National League,” the parent of the 
professional base-ball organizations, was formed, and 
five years later, or in 1881, a new organization, called 
“ The American Association,” was called into existence. 
Up to last year it was, next to the league, the con¬ 
trolling factor in base-ball matters. Numerous other 



12 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


organizations were formed from time to time, but, unable 
to compete with the stronger associations, soon passed 
out of existence. Quite a number, however, have suc¬ 
ceeded in overcoming all difficulties, and are now in good 
condition. 

P"or mutual protection, the National League, the 
American Association, and the Northwestern League, in 
1882, entered into what is called the “ Tripartite Agree¬ 
ment.” Out of this grew the famous “ National Agree¬ 
ment,” and this in turn contained the oft-quoted 
“ Reserve Rule.” These important features of the 
game will be passed in this article without further 
details, for the reason that the questions involved in 
them will be treated at considerable length by those who 
framed and who are now either supporting or opposing 
them. The formation of the brotherhood, and the birth 
of the Players’ League, will also be treated in separate 
articles. 

It is eminently proper, in closing this history of Amer¬ 
ica’s great game, to call attention to its growth in a few 
words. At the beginning of organized professional 
base-ball, the amount of money invested could easily be 
reckoned by the thousands. In 1890, with the advent 
of the Players’ League, the starring of eight clubs by the 
National League, and the presence of the American 
Association, the Western League, the Atlantic Associa¬ 
tion, and many minor leagues, it is not an exorbitant 
estimate to place the amount involved at $12,000,000. 
Thirty years ago there were no enclosed grounds, and 


BASE-BALL—ITS HISTORY. 


13 


the travel from place to place was often of a very ques¬ 
tionable and serious character. At present each large 
city has at least one, and in several instances two and 
three, enclosed grounds, with all the conveniences for 
the patrons of the game. The players travel in elegant 
style, at a cost which almost reaches a quarter of million 
dollars annually. Thousands of the lovers of the game 
pay a handsome admission fee at the gate of the base¬ 
ball park at present. In 1869, the game was played, and 
the players considered themselves lucky if the hat, while 
it was “ passed around,” was not kept by some enterpris¬ 
ing citizen, in the crowd. 



14 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 



HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE. 

Base-ball has had a foot-hold in America for several 
years, but prior to 1876 was conducted with lax laws, 
which, had they not been remedied, would have 
undoubtedly wrecked the game in what might be termed 
its infancy. Especially in the season of 1875 was this 
made apparent, as the pool-gamblers got such a strong 
grip that they controlled the actions of certain players, 
and the games were becoming hippodromes, simply for 
the aggrandizement of the gamblers. The honest ele¬ 
ment connected with the game, those who had the 
welfare of the game at heart, saw the threatened danger, 
and set about to devise a plan by which they could, 
before it was hopelessly lost, rescue the noble sport. 
The plan was the forming of an organization which 
would, by combined effort, be able to check the tend¬ 
ency to run base-ball against the rocks of corruption. 
The tendency of professional sport is always down¬ 
ward, and to keep it pure and honorable requires the 
most stringent laws and regulations. With this object 
in view, a number of men who were deeply interested in 
the welfare of the game met at Louisville in December 
of 1875. There were present at that meeting Messrs. W. 

A. Hulbert, Louis Meecham, Charles A. Fowle, W. N. 
Haldeman, Charles E. Chase, John A. Joyce, and myself. 
The outcome of this meeting was the appointment of a \ 



HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE. 


15 


committee, with instructions to confer with other gentle¬ 
men from the eastern cities who were desirous of taking 
part and assisting in the work of reform. The commit¬ 
tee, which was composed of Messrs. Hulbert and Fowle, 
issued a circular calling for a meeting at New York for 
the following month. The circular was sent to the lead¬ 
ing clubs, the result being an attendance at the meeting 
of the duly accredited representatives of the Chicago, 
Cincinnati, St. Louis, Louisville, Athletic (of Phila¬ 
delphia), Boston, Mutual (of New York), and Hartford 
clubs, who were vested with power to act. Hon. Mor¬ 
gan G. Buckley (now Governor of Connecticut) was 
chosen chairman, with Harry Wright as secretary; and 
right then and there was formed the National League of 
^:)rofessional base-ball clubs, the most remarkable and 
successful organization ever organized in the world to 
foster any professional sport. 

The first officers of the permanent body were: Presi¬ 
dent, Morgan G. Buckley; Secretary, N. E. Young; 
Directors, Messrs. Apollonio, Cammeyer, Fowle, and 
Chase. Aside from Harry Wright, who has made himself 
famous as a champion of honest base-ball, I am the 
only delegate to that meeting now actively engaged in 
base-ball. Of the eighty-six players who made up the 
teams of the league as then organized, but five were 
in the league during the season of 1889. The cham¬ 
pionship that season was won by the Chicago club. In 
1877, changes were made in the membership, the Athletics 
and Mutuals having been expelled from the league for 







16 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


failure to carry out their contract obligations to the league. 

W. A. Hulbert, who in reality was the founder of the 
league, was elected president, which office he filled 
from that time to his death, in April, 1882. N. E. Young 
was continued in the office of secretary; he still holds 
that position, and probably will as long as it is his pleas¬ 
ure. The season of 1879 was, in some respects, a most 
disastrous one, as in that season the very object of the 
league had a serious blow in the discovery of crookedness 
in certain players of the Louisville club. The events are 
history, and it is a well-known fact that none of the 
crooked players ever played ball professionally again, 
and not since that time has the breath of suspicion 
touched a player of the National League, thus achieving 
the object of its existence—that of purifying and elevat¬ 
ing the game. 

The season of 1878 found but six clubs, as in the pre¬ 
vious season. In 1879 the league membership was again 
made eight clubs, at which number it has entered each 
playing season since. At the fourth annual meeting of 
the league, held at Buffalo, in December, 1879, it was 
recognized that the rules were not as stringent as the 
welfare of the game demanded, consequently a new code 
of rules, as to discipline, was made. Sunday playing 
was made an expellable offense, and other reforms were 
enacted. The financial struggle had been a hard one, 
and the profits meager; but there appeared better times 
ahead, as the lost confidence of the public was again 
being regained, and the purposes of the National League \ 



A. G. Spalding. 


I 

I 















- •..:- ' •■ ■•.. ■ 



<> 


h 


I 

-f 



) 



History of The national league. 17 

were becoming more and more apparent to the public, 
which was beginning to take a deeper interest in the 
games and players. 

The season of t88o was productive of no special 
results, except that at the annual meeting more strin¬ 
gent rules were made as to management of grounds, 
making the selling of malt or spirituous liquors on any 
league grounds an expellable offense. At the annual 
meeting held in December, 1880, the following resolution 
was adopted: 

Whereas, Repeated applications have been made by, or on beh?lf 
of, James A. Devlin, George Hall, W. H. Graver, and A. H. Nichols 
to this board, or members thereof, for the removal of their disabili¬ 
ties resulting from their expulsion from the league for dishonest ball- 
playing; 

Resolved, That notice is hereby served on persons named, and on 
their friends, defenders, and apologists, that the board of directors of 
this league will never remit the penalties inflicted on such persons, 
nor will they hereafter entertain any appeal from them, or in their 
behalf. 

W. II. Hulbert, "I 
Chairman, j 

\Si?ned?( J. F. Evans, y Directors. 

A. H. SODEN, I 

John B. ^Sage, j 

This decided stand could not but be a warning to any 
player who might have had a desire or temptation to jug¬ 
gle games for his own dishonest welfare, and I can but 
repeat that no player of the National League has caused 
a blush to cover any official’s cheek by dishonest play 
since, showing the great respect they had for the rulings 
2 



. ( 








18 





UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 

of the National League. During the season of 1882, 
however, an individual—happily not a player, but an 
umpire—was detected in crooked work, and he was, at 
a special meeting called to investigate the charges, 
promptly expelled. That prompt and decisive action of 
the league has effectually stopped all such doings in that 
department of the game, and the umpires of later years 
have been of the highest character, and have the perfect 
confidence of the public. In the season of 1882 the 
league suffered its greatest loss, in the death of its 
founder and president, W. A. Hulbert. In 1883 the 
membership was changed by the withdrawal of the Troy 
and Worcester clubs and the admission of the New York 
and Philadelphia clubs. A. G. Mills was elected presi¬ 
dent. Previous to this season, there had existed among 
clubs and associations a regular system of “piracy,” 
which was working great injury to the game. There 
was recognized need of some central power, to govern all 
associations by an equitable code of general laws, to put 
the game on a prosperous and lasting basis. It was this 
need which led to the celebrated arbitration committee, 
and with it the National agreement, which has been such 
an important factor in the promotion of the game, which, 
joined with the main object of the National League, 
viz., honest games, conducted on the highest possible 
grade of morality, has made base-ball the loved National 
sport of America. 

At its annual meeting in December, 1884, Mr. A. G. 
Mills declined a reelection as president, and was made an 






HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL LEAGUE. 


19 


honorary member of the league. N. E. Young was 
elected president. He has held the position ever since, 
being elected annually without opposition. 

The season of 1885 was quite successful, considering 
the rather depressed condition of business affairs. The 
following season was the most prosperous in the history 
of the league up to that time. The race was close and 
exciting, the interest great, which, coupled with knowl¬ 
edge that the games of the league were conducted in 
absolute honesty, undoubtedly aided in the success. The 
seasons of 1887, 1888, and 1889 were satisfactory to the 
league, and as the public are fully conversant with the 
game during those years, I will not take space to say 
more of them. Of course, there have been many instances, 
in the fourteen years’ existence of the National League 
which I might call attention to in this article, would 
space allow it, such .as the formation of the American 
Association of base-ball clubs, in 1882; the formation 
and opposition of the Union Association, in 1884; the 
formation of the Players’ National League, etc.; but I 
consider those as_ of such recent date that the base-ball 
public are familiar with the history. The National 
League has succeeded in elevating the game, has attracted 
the attention and support of the better classes of people, 
has a record of honest games and honest actions, has 
checked the natural downward tendency, and has popu¬ 
larized the game, which was at the birth of the league 
almost in its last stdges of dissolution. It has come out 
of all its battles with colors flying, and it still has confi- 





20 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE 


dence in its ability to go on in the same proud manner in 
the future that it has maintained in the past. 

A. G. Spalding. 


RECORD IN THE NATIONAL LEAGUE. 

The season of 1889, in the National League, com¬ 
menced April 24th and ended October 5th. The record 
was: 


> " 

Clubs. 

Boston. 

Chicago. 

Cleveland. 

Indianap’s. 

New York. 

1 

Philadel’a. 

Pittsburg. 

til 

a 

A 

Vi 

d 

Won. 

Per Cent. 

Boston . 


10 

” 9 ’ 

i 

13 

10 

9 

7 

12 

11 

io’ 

14 

9 

13 

3 

10 

13 

9 

‘is’ 

13 

10 

7 

8 

5 

4 

7 

r* 

4 

7 

5 

13- 

9 

10 

4 

12 

' 9 ’ 

7 

16 

10 

7 

10 

12 

9 

"7 

14 

12 

14 

11 

13 

9 

10 

83 

67 

61 

59 

83 

63 

61 

41 

.648 

.508 

459 

440 

,659 

.496 

.462 

.331 

Chicago .;. 

Cleveland . 

Indianapolis . 

New York . 

Philadelphia . 

Pittsburg . 

Washington . . 

Lost . 

7 

8 
10 

6 

6 

3 

5 

45 

05 

72 

75 

43 

04 

71 

83 

518 

.... 


INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. ' 

Times at 
Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Average 
Base Hits 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

1 

Brouthers... 

Boston. 

126 

485 

105 

181 

.373 

31 

2 

Glasscock.... 

Indianapolis.. . 

134 

582 

128 

209 

.359 

34 

3 

Anson. 

Chicago. 

134 

518 

99 

177 

.341 

41 

4 

Tiernan. 

New York. 

122 

499 

116 

167 

.334 

23 

5 

Carroll. 

Pittsburg. 

90 

318 

. 80 

105 

.330 

15 

6 

Ewing. 

New York. 

96 

407 

91 

133 

.326 

38 

7 

Ryan. 

Chicago. 

135 

576 

140 

187 

.324 

14 

8 

Van Haltren. 

Chicago. 

134 

543 

126 

175 

.322 

18 




23 

57 

27 

33 
19 

34 
45 

28 










































































INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


21 


' Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

1 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Average j 

Base Hits. |j 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. | 

9 


O’Rourke.... 

New York. 

128 

502 

89 

161 

..320 

24 

33 

10 


Connor. 

New York. 

131 

496 

117 

1.57 

.316 

33 

21 

11 


Seery. 

Indianapolis. 

127 

526 

123 

165 

.313 

17 

19 

12 


Fields . 

Pittsburg. 

74 

289 

42 

90 

.311 

15 

6 


Duffy. 

Chicago. 

136 

584 

144 

182 

.311 

35 

52 

14 


Gore'^ _ 

New York. 

119 

488 

131 

149 

.305 

17 

36 

1 K 

i Richardson.. 

Boston. 

132 

536 

122 

163 

.304 

34 

47 

10 


Hines . 

Indianapolis... 

121 

486 

77 

148 

.304 

33 

34 

17 


i Andrews. . . 

Indianapolis.... 

50 

212 

42 

64 

.302 

10 

17 

11 


' McKean — 

Cleveland. 

123 

500 

86 

159 

.302 

33 

35 

19 


Wilmot. 

Washington .... 

107 

432 

88 

130 

.301 

28 

40 

20 


Beckley. 

Pittsburg. 

123 

522 

92 

157 

.300 

36 

11 

< 

Daly..'.. 

AVashin^on .... 

69 

250 

39 

75 

.300 

11 

, 18 

22 


Ward. 

New York. 

114 

479 

86 

143 

.298 

41 . 

' 62 



Thompson... 

Philadelphia.... 

128 

533 

103 

158 

.296 

32 

24 


1 Beecher. 

Washington ... 

41 

179 

20 

53 

.296 

14 

7 

25 


Kftllv 

Boston. 

125 

507 

120 

149 

.293 

52 

68 


( Delehanty.... 

Philadelphia.... 

54 

246 

37 

72 

.292 

15 

19 

40 


Mack.r>.. 

Washington ... 

97 

386 

-SI 

113 

.292 

24 

26 

28 


3Iadden. 

Boston.. 

21 

86 

7 

25 

.290 

4 

2 

29 


John Irwin 

Washington .... 

58 

228 

42 

66 

.289 

11 

'0 

30 


Mulvey. 

Philadelphia.... 

129 

544 

77 

157 

.288 

35 

23 

31 


Gumbert. 

Chicago.— 

40 

153 

30 

44 

.287 

6 

1 

;i2 


SuHivan .... 

Indianapolis... . 

69 

256 

45 

73 

.285 

7 

15 

33 


Clements .... 

Philadelphia.... 

78 

310 

51 

88 

.284 

15 

6 


i Tebeau. 

Cleveland. 

136 

521 

72 

147 

.282 

31 

26 

34 

^ Hoy . 

AVashington .... 

127 

507 

98 

143 

.282 

31 

36 



Denny . 

Indianapolis.... 

133 

578 

96 

163 

.282 

27 

22 

37 


Richardson 

New York. 

124 

497 

88 

139 

.279 

39 

32 

38 


Sanders. 

Philadelphia.... 

41 

169 

21 

47 

.278 

14 

8 

39 


Maul. 

-Pittsburg. 

67 

257 

37 

71 

.276 

15 

18 

40 


Twitchell.... 

Clevelan'cl...;... 

134 

549 

73 

151 

.275 

33 

17 

41 


Nash. 

Boston. 

127 

481 

84 

132 

.274 

36 

26 

42 


Tener .... 

Chicago. 

38 

150 

18 

41 

.273 

8 

2 

43 


Farrar. 

Philadelphia... 

130 

477 

70 

128 

.268 

30 

28 



Miller. 

Pittsburg. 

102 

422 

77 

113 

.267 

18 

16 

44 

) McGeachy. .. 

Indianapolis. .. 

131 

532 

83 

142 

.267 

33 

37 

46 


A. Myers ... 

AA^ash., Phila — 

121 

481 

76 

128 

.266 

39 

17 

47 


Ganzel. 

Boston. 

71 

2('5 

30 

73 

.265 

22 

13 

48 


Schriver. 

Philadelphia.... 

55 

211 

24 

56 

.265 

16 

6 

49 


Farrell. 

Chicago. 

100 

407 

66 

107 

.263 

14 

13 


j Sowders. 

Pitts., Boston... 

16 

65 

6 

17 

.261 

4 

0 

50 

j Oiiinn 

Boston. 

111 

444 

57 

117 

.261 

32 

24 

52 


Wm. Brown. 

New York. 

33 

139 

16 

36 

.259 

8 

4 



r Fogarty. 

Philadelphia.... 

128 

499 

107 

129 

.258 

32 

99 



Zimmer.. 

Cleveland. 

80 

259 

4T 

67 

.258 

14 

14 

53 

< 

Rowe . 

Pittsburg. 

74 

317 

57 

82 

.2.58 

21 

6 



^ Buckley. 

Indianapolis.... 

65 

260 

35 

67 

.258 

18 

3 

57 


Burns... 

Chicago. 

136 

525 

84 

135 

.257 

22 

18 
























































































22 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat, 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

58 

Clark. 

Washington .... 

37 

145 

19 

37 

.255 

8 

6 

59 

Ebright. 

Washington .... 

15 

59 

7 

15 

.254 

2 

0 


(Hailmau. 

Philadelphia.... 

119 

462 

67 

117 

.2.53 

44 

20 

60 

White. 

Pittsburg. 

55 

225 


57 

253 

15 

2 


1 Bassett. 

Indianapolis .... 

126 

477 

64 

121 

'253 

29 

15 

63 

Gleason. 

Philadelphia.... 

28 

99 

11 

25 

.2.52 

10 

2 


( Wood. 

Philadelphia.... 

97 

422 

77 

106 

.251 

27 

17 

64 

■< Strieker. 

Cleveland. 

136 

566' 

83 

142 

. 2n1 

31 

32 


i Daily. 

Indianapolis.... 

60 

219 

35 

55 

;25i 

15 

14 

67 

t O’Brien. 

Cleveland. 

41 

140 

13 

35 

.250 

8 

2 

i AVise. 

AVashington .. 

120 

472 

79 

118 

.250 

27 

24 

69 

Sutcliffe. 

Cleveland. 

G5 

161 

17 

40 

.248 

12 

6 

70 

Kuehne. 

Pittsburg . 

97 

390 

42 

96 

.246 

24 

15 

71 

Boyle. 

Indianapolis. 

44 

155 

17 

38 

.245 

6 

4 

72 

Schoeneck,.. 

Indianapolis... . 

18 

242 

3 

15 

.242 

0 

1 

73 

Pfeffer. 

Chicago. 

134 

531 

85 

128 

241 

41 

44 

74 

Sommers. 

Chicago, Ind’pls 

31 

129 

17 

31 

.245 

6 

2 

75 

Sunday. 

Pittsburg. 

80 

321 

62 

77 

.2.39 

1,3 

47 


f Gilks . 

Cleveland. 

52 

210 

17 

50 

238 

12 



Radford . 

Cleveland. 

136 

487 

94 

116 

.2,38 

22 

.30 


Hanlon. 

Pittsburg . 

115 

461 

81 

no 

2,38 

24 

53 


Shoch. 

AVashington .... 

30 

109 

12 

26 

.238 

13 

9 

80 

AVilliamson.. 

Chicago. 

47 

173 

16 

41 

.237 

6 

2 

81 

( McAleer. 

Cleveland. 

109 

447 

66 

105 

2,35 


37 

Dunlap.. .r7. 

Pittsburg. 

121 

451 

' 59 

106 

.235 

a2 

• 21 

83 

Casey. 

Philadelphia ... 

16 

64 

5 

15 

.234 

7 

0 


( Flint. 

Chicago. 

15 

56 

6 

13 

232 

2 

0 

84 

A. Irwin. ... 

Wash., Phila_ 

103 

386 

58 

89 

.2,32 

24 

17 


(T. Brown_ 

Boston. 

88 

362 

93 

84 

.232 

17 

63 

87 

Smith. 

Pittsburg, Bost’ n 

131 

463 

47 

107 

.231 

38 

29 


(Faatz . 

Cleveland. 

115 

442 

50 

102 

230 

22 

27 

88 

■1 Bennett. 

Boston. 

80 

247 

42 

57 

.230 

15 

4 


(Carney. 

AA^ashington .... 

69 

273 

25 

63 

.230 

24 

12 

01 

i Johnston ... 

Boston. 

131 

539 

80 

123 

.228 

25 

34 


1 Sweeney. 

AVashington .... 

49 

193 

13 

44 

.228 

6 

8 

93 

Healy. 

AV^ash., Chicago. 

16 

66 

8 

15 

.227 

1 

1 

94 

Haddock .... 

AVashington .... 

33 

112 

13 

25 

.22.3 

3 

4 

95 

Whitney._ 

New York. 

129 

4?'3 

71 

103 

.217 

24 

19 

96 

Bufflnton.... 

Philadelphia... 

41 

154 

16 

32 

.208 

21 

1 

97 

Clarkson. 

Boston. 

72 

262 

36 

54 

.206 

12 

5 

98 

Crane. 

New York. . 

28 

103 

16 

21 

204 

4 

A 

99 

Dwyer. 

Chicago. 

33 

135 

14 

27 

20.3 

R 

1 

109 

Myers. 

Indianapolis .... 

39 

149 

22 

29 

194 

5 

12 

101 

J Welsh. 

New York. 

41 

156 

20 

30 

192 

Q 

0 

"j Snyder... 

Cleveland. 

21 

83 

5 

16 

192 

1 

A 

103 

Darling. 

Chicago. 

35 

120 

14 

23 

191 

A 

fl 

104 

Radbourn ... 

Boston. 

35 

122 

17 

23 

.188 

13 

2 

105 

Galvin. 

Pittsburg. 

40 

150 

15 

28 

187 

Q 

2 

106 

Krock. 

Chi., Ind., Wash. 

17 

59 

8 

11 

.186 

2 

1 





















































































TV'- 










INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. ^ 23 


Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Carnes. 

1 

Times at 

Bat 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

107 

Morrill. 

Washington .... 

44 

146 

20 

27 

.185 

12 

12 

108 

Hatfield. 

New York. 

32 

125 

21 

23 

.184 

7 

9 

109 

Gotzein. 

Indianapolis.... 

40 

139 

20 

25 

.179 

li 

2 

no 

Rusie... 

Indianapolis.... 

26 

103 

15 

18 

.174 

4 

1 

111 

Keefe. 

Washington .... 

27 

98 

7 

16 

.163 

3 

2 

112 

Staley. 

Pittsburg. 

49 

186 

11 

30 

.161 

5 

1 

113 

Hutchison.. 

Chicago . 

37 

133 

14 

21 

.158 

4 

1 

114 

Keefe. 

New York. 

41 

149 

17 

6 

23 

.154 

.146 

5 

0 

115 

O’Day. 

Wash.jNewYork 

23 

75 

11 

5 

3 

116 

j Rfl,stia,n . 

Chicago. 

46 

155 

19 

21 

.135 

7 

1 

( Rakeiy. 

Cleveland. 

33 

111 

9 

15 

.135 

3 

1 

118 

Bea.tin. 

Cleveland. 

37 

121 

13 

14 

.115 

9 

0 

119 

Fei’son. 

Washington .... 

35 

114 

6 

13 

.114 

7 

2 

120 

Gruber. 

Cleveland. 

23 

59 

7 

7 

.101 

8 

0 

121 

Morris. 

Pittsburg. 

19 

72 

2 

7 

.097 

5 

1 


NATIONAL LEAGUE SCHEDULE FOR 189O 

The National League admitted Brooki” 
nati to membership in the fall of i8^ 
of 1890 adopted a ten-club sch' 

Indianapolis and Washingt<^ 
following schedulemt^p^' 

u ! r 

■> 

KA 



0 














































■ r* 


24 UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. ’ 


■* -S' 


At 

Pittsburg. 

June 25 
“ 26 
“ 27 

“ 28 
July 24 
“ 25 

“ 26 
Sept. 24 
“ 25 

“ 26 

June 30 

July 1 

“ 2 

“ 3 

‘ 28 

“ 29 

“ 30 

Sept. 19 

“ 20 

“ 23 

CO 

.. .. tiv s. 4^.. .. 

d- 3- - o- “ 

1-5 "<10 

June 20 

“ 21 

“ 23 

“ 24 

July 21 

“ 22 

' “ 23 

Sept. 27 

“ 29 

“ 30 

At 1 At 

Cincinnati Cleveland. 

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June 25 

“ 26 

“ 27 

“ 28 

July 24 

“ 25 

“ 26 

Oct. 2 

“ 3 

“ 4 

^ CO 

d^ ^ 4^ „ s. 

O'*'* 

^ o 

June 25 
“ 26 
“ 27 ! 

“ 28 
July 24 
“ 25 

“ 26 
Sept. 27 
“ 29 

“ 30 

June 30 

July 1 , 

“ 2 

“ 3 

“ 21 

“ 22 

“ 23 i 

Sept. 24 

“ 25 

“ 26 

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21 

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“ 23 

Aug. 13 
“ 14 

“ 15 

Sept. 15 
“ 16 
“ 17 


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25 






NATIONAL LEAGUE SCHEDULE. 


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3-' 3-- 
S >-5 <1 

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^ 1 ) 

9P-'* 

•*'* p'*'* 

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“ 21 

“ 22 

“ 23 

June 17 

“ 18 

“ 19 

Sept. 4 

“ 5 

“ 6 


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! ! I ! I ! I i ! ! 

June i 2 
“ 13 

“ 14 

“ IG 
Aug. IG 

“ 18 

“ 19 

Sept. 8 

“ 9 

“ 10 

May 9 

“ 10 

“ 12 

“ 13 

June 9 

“ 10 

“ 11 

Sept. 11 

“ 12 

“ 13 

. ..... ’. ’ ■ 

coo:ci^Tfir:cDic:DC^ 

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“ 15 

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Aug, 21 
“ 22 
“ 23 

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“ 26 
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“ 8 
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Aug. 28 
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“ 30 

“ 30 

“ 31 

July 14 
“ 15 

“ 16 
Aug. 21 
“ 22 
“ 23 

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May 20 
“ 21 
“ 22 
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“ 11 
“ 12 
Aug. 28 
“ 29 

“ 30 

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l.. . . 3 .. 

Chicago . 

Cincinnati . 

Cleveland . 

Pittsburg . 









































































26 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


LEAGUE PITCHING RECORD FOR l88g. 


Pitchers. 

Clubs. 

V 

O 

Per cent, of 

Victories. 

Per cent, of 

Base Hits off 

Pitching. 

Average of 

Earned Runs. 

Average of 

Struck Outs. 

Average of 

Battery Errors 

Per cent, of 

Fielding. 

Per cent, of 

Batting. 

*Clarkson. 

Boston. 

72 

.736 

.252 

1.89 

3.48 

3.32 

.865 

.206 

iKeefe. 

New York.... 

41 

.732 

.219 

1.91 

5.41 

4.18 

.802 

.154 

Bufiinton- 

Philadelphia.. 

41 

.659 

.259 

2.31 

3.49 

3.06 

.875 

.208 

Galvin. 

Pittsburg. 

40 

.625 

.281 

3.02 

1.72 

2.18 

.795 

.187 

O’Brien. 

Cleveland. 

41 

.585 

.265 

2.41 

3.19 

5.13 

.755 

.250 

Gumbert... . 

Chicago. 

29 

.552 

.262 

2 72 

3.38 

3.08 

.791 

.287 

Rusie. 

Indianapolis.. 

2(5 

.500 

.269 

3.07 

4.34 

5 18 

.732 

.174 

+Ferson. 

Washington .. 

35 

.514 

.205 

2.34 

2.54 

3 26 

.782 

111 


* Clarkson was, beyond q^uestion, the leading pitcher of the league in 
1889. He led in pitching in the largest number of games; in percentage of 
victories; the smallest average of earned runs. 

i Keefe led in having the highest avei’age of struck-outs, and the small¬ 
est percentage of base hits off his pitching. Rusie is charged with the high¬ 
est average of battery errors. Gumbert did the best batting of the eight, 
and Buifinton the best fielding. 

t Ferson pitched in more defeats than victories, but not a pitcher in the 
Washington team did as well in this respect. 

The record of the league pitching of 1889. excluding all pitchers who failed 
to pitch in as many victories as defeats, is as follows: 


1 Rank. i 

Pitchers. 

Clubs. 

Games. i 

Victories. 

Defeats. 

Per cent, of 
Victories. 

Average of 
Earned Runs. 

Ave. 1st B. H. 
off Pitching. 

Average 
Struck Outs. 

Fielding 

Average. 

Batting 

Average. 

* Wild 
Pitching 
Record 

Average of 
Errors. 

B. B. 

fL 

I H. B. 1 

1 

Clarkson... 

Boston. 

72 

49 

19 

.736 

1.89 

.252 

3.48 

.865 

.208 

204 

16 

16 

3.32 

2 

Keefe. 

New York. 

41 

28 

11 

.732 

1.91 

.219 

5.41 

.862 

.154 

154 

10 

18 

4.18 

3 

Welch. 

New York. 

41 

28 

11 

.732 

2.31 

.230 

3.22 

.763 

.192 

154 

20 

11 

4.21 

4 

Buffinton .. 

Philadelphia .. 

41- 

27 

14 

.659 

2,31 

.259 

3.49 

.875 

.208 

116 

11 

2 

3.06 

5 

Ra.dboiirne 

Boston .... 


20 

11 

656 

2.40 

.259 

2 97 

919 

188 

80 

7 

4 

2 27 

6 

Galvin. 

Pittsburg. 

40 

23 

15 

.625 

3.02 

.281 

1.72 

.795 

.187 

77 

14 

7 

2.18 

7 

O’Brien ... 

Cleveland .... 

11 

22 

17 

585 

2.41 

.265 

3.19 

.755 

.250 

172 

29 

17 

5.13 

8 

Crane. 

New York. ... 

28 

13 

12 

.571 

2.03 

.252 

4.86 

.591 

.204 

141 

19 

9 

6.01 

9 

Beatin. 

Cleveland 

37 

21 

16 

.569 

2.48 

.2.50 

3.48 

.821 

.115 

142 

10 

9 

4.13 

10 

Gumbert. . 

Chicago . 

29 

16 

13 

.552 

2.72 

262 

3.38 

.791 

.287 

75 

9 

11 

3.08 

11 

Dwyer. 

Chicago ... 

29 

16 

13 

.552 

2.96 

.270 

2.48 

.772 

.203 

78 

15 

9 

3.14 

12 

Teiier. 

Chicago. 

31 

15 

14 

.548 

3.26 

.259 

3.15 

.843 

273 

102 

10 

9 

3.28 

13 

Sowders... 

Pittsburg. 

15 

8 

7 

.533 

2.40 

.249 

3.26 

.766 

.261 

49 

8 

7 

4.04 

14 

O’Day. 

New York. i. .. 

23 

11 

11 

.522 

2.21 

.279 

2.26 

.807 

.146 

94 

9 

11 

4 22 

15 

Rusie . ... 

Indianapolis .. 

26 

13 

13 

.500 

3.07 

.269 

4.34 

732 

.174 

128 

16 

8 

5.78 

16 

Madden.. 

Boston. ...— 

20 

10 

10 

.500 

3.10 

.271 

3.05 

.862 

.290 

69 

t 

3 

13 

4.05 


*B. B.—bases on balls; W. P.—wild pitches; H. B.—hit batsmen. 

































































HISTORY OF THE PLAYERS' NATIONAL LEAGUE. 27 


HISTORY OF THE PLAYERS’ NATIONAL 

LEAGUE. 

In writing of the Players’ National League of base¬ 
ball clubs of the United States, the latest and, to my 
mind, best of all base-ball leagues, so far as playing 
strength is concerned, I must tell the story as an inter¬ 
ested on-looker and newspaper man until December 17th, 
and after that date as the new league’s Secretary. The 
public attention given the movement out of which the 
Players’ League grew has been stupendous. This is 
accounted for by the novelty of the movement and the 
individual prominence of nearly all the actors in it. 
From the first, the movement was really no more nor less 
than the effort of a number of skilled workmen to break 
loose from their employers and do business for them¬ 
selves in a broad and original way. The endeavors of 
these employers to hold the men and prevent them from 
taking such action, and the almost heroic struggle of the 
players to carry out their plan, attracted the press and 
public to the struggle. The players won handsomely, 
and at this time have established their league and 
are on the verge of what promises to be the most suc¬ 
cessful season the national game has ever seen. 

The creation of the Players’ National League was 
inevitable. The causes for it began in 1885, when the 
so-called high-salary evil—really the unequal-salary evil 



28 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


—came before the public through the base-ball operators. 
The cry arose through the objections of certain men 
held in the clubs of the smaller cities in high-class 
leagues objecting to playing for small salaries in the 
clubs reserving them, while men of less talent in the 
clubs of larger towns were paid more money. The re¬ 
serve rule had been in operation for seven years, and the 
ugly spots in it were beginning to work out. The only 
rule fair to the player was that of the business world— 
the rule of supply and demand. But this didn’t suit the 
base-ball operators. They were too selfish to equitably 
divide the gate receipts, and thus enable the smaller cities 
to stand the financial pace set by the larger, and satisfy 
their players. The false system of forcing each club to 
sustain itself while a part of and contributing to the suc¬ 
cess of the whole league of six, eight, or ten clubs, had 
had a selfish backing, and had gained a strong foothold 
from which it could not be moved. In days of adversity 
The National League relaxed its selfish policy, but the 
general drift was toward lower, instead of higher, per¬ 
centages to visiting clubs; and the financial side of the 
game was thus kept cramped in the places where freedom 
and activity were needed. Under it, a championship club 
in a large city could earn $100,000 profits in one sea¬ 
son, and the same club in a smaller city, $40,000 or less; 
and the .chances for such a club, under such conditions, 
were five to one or so in favor of the larger cities. The 
prize in sight was not fairly offered. So the small city 
clubs pinched their players to get “ even.” The players 


HISTORY OF THE PLAYERS* NATIONAL LEAGUE. 29 

objected, naturally, but their objections were not noticed. 
The reserve rule was made to hold more men, and the 
large city clubs grew more extravagant in the prices they 
offered for base-ball talent. As a part of this extrava¬ 
gance, the sales system came into play about 1884. Small 
but gradually increasing prices were paid for the releases 
of reserved men, and as the larger and wealthier clubs 
were usually the purchasers, and the player’s consent 
was necessary to consummate a sale, large city salaries 
increased still faster, as the plum held out to the player 
was usually a large increase. The sales system, there¬ 
fore, unsettled the general base-ball structure a great deal 
faster than any single innovation into the game. New 
evils came with it. Players who would not consent to 
be sold were coerced, and in the minor leagues were 
compelled to consent under threats of fines or the direct 
influence of fines. 

The original reserve rule, adopted in 1879, held five 
men to a club, but gradually this number had been in¬ 
creased to fourteen. Under it an operator “cornered ” 
talent, used it for a money-maker as long as he chose, 
and then sold at a large profit. The Detroit club gave 
a pretty exhibition of the reserve rule possibility be¬ 
tween 1885 and 1887. At the time of its adoption, and 
for eight years afterward, the operators, who had passed 
the rule without consulting the players, set up no claim 
that it bound men to them as a contract or option. 
The reserve rule was simply an agreement between 
clubs to hold selfish hands off certain players, so as to 









80 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


insure the clubs in their group a nucleus of or an entire 
team. 

Players broke away from time to time, and went out¬ 
side the group of clubs to which the club reserving them 
belonged, and no lawsuit was brought against them or 
claim set up that the reserve rule gave any option on 
their services for succeeding years. But the National 
League did frame what is now known as the “National 
Agreement,” and by it bound the various leagues to¬ 
gether so that the avenues of escape for the ball-player ' 
who sought to throw off the reserve rule’s yoke were few. 
The result was as hard and close a trust as men ever 
formed, and its motto to the player was: “Work where 
and for what we choose.” 

At last the National League sought to get away from 
the effects of its own bad legislation, and passed the 
$2,000 salary limit law. It had no effect, because passed 
Only to bluff the players. The proof of this is, that no 
sooner was the law passed than the framers of it began 
to violate it, guaranteeing their players amounts over 
$2,000 by side contracts. 

In 1886 the brotherhood was formed, and the ball- 
players^'began to work on their own account to straighten 
out the inequalities of the game. The new organi¬ 
zation gave a quasi-recognition to the reserve rule as 
a necessity of the hour, but sought and secured amend¬ 
ments to the contract then in use—a harsh, brutal, and 
one-sided affair. 

Matters ran smoothly along until the winter of i888*-89. 



HISTORY OF THE PLAYERS* NATIONAL LEAGUE. 81 

when, while the Spalding expedition was on its world’s 
tour and the ball-players widely apart, the classification 
rule was a^lopted. It was a violation of every promise 
made to the ball-player by the operator, and trouble 
came of it. The players asked for its abolition, and 
with it the sales system. The league dilly-dallied, and 
offered a conference after the playing season. That 
trick had been worked before. At once the players 
went at the organization of a league on lines that had 
been examined and laid down before. The National 
League had been warned. Two seasons back there had 
been talk of enlisting capital with playing talent and 
forming a new league^. The operators, with the reserve 
rule and national agreement as assistants, were confident 
of their grip, and took no warning. It was a fatal mis¬ 
take. From July moneyed friends of the leaders in the" 
various brotherhood chapters were interested in the new 
movement, the various chapters held meetings with legal 
advisers in attendance, and the preliminary work went 
actively on. A. L. Johnson, of Cleveland, threw his 
talent and energy into the work, and in his rooms at 
Cleveland many conferences were held as the various 
teams came along to fill their schedule engagements. By 
the end of September nearly all the players in the various 
league teams had signed agreements with the men who 
had been solicited to furnish the capital to carry on the 
projected league. No suspicion, even, of what was going 
on reached the operators’ ears. The brotherhood and its 
assistants had agreed on a policy of silence. Men in the 









9 


32 UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 

chapters of the weaker or smaller cities feared that, should 
the brotherhood’s plans get out, they would lose part of 
their season’s salaries. In past seasons the operators 
had, without notice, terminated contracts and salaries 
nearly thirty days before the date written therein. In 
August a bare inkling of what was going on came out of 
Indianapolis, but its author soon repudiated it. At the 
end of August, while doing sporting work for the Chi¬ 
cago Tribune^ 1 ran across a pointer which told me 
plainly that the Indianapolis story was not a fable, and, 
after a day’s work among the ball-players, I knew I got 
the story in detail, and, September 7th, published 
a three-column account of the-work and intentions 
of the new league. It created a sensation. The ball¬ 
players denied it; they were compelled to do so for 
reasons given above. So well did they deny, that 
from all parts of" the country came newspaper cries 
of disbelief. Until early in November there was little 
faith in the new league. Its preliminary work went 
actively on, and was finished up by the end of the 
contract season. The operators feared and hoped— 
feared the magnitude of the revolt, and hoped that 
the players would give them another chance to redress 
the evils they had refused to notice in midsummer. 
When, November 5th, the brotherhood issued its famous 
address and declaration of intentions, and the following 
day turned the organization over to the delegates sent 
by the various clubs in the Players’ National League, 
war was declared. From November 6th until December 


i 

/ t 


> 


HISTORY OF THE PLAYERS* NATIONAL LEAGUE. 33 

17th, I worked for the new league as well as I could in a 
personal way, and oh the latter date was accorded the 
honor of a unanimous election as its Secretary and 
Treasurer. From December 17th until this time, I can 
speak with knowledge of the new league and its men and 
their work. Few mistakes have been made since it 
started. The only one of importance was the delay in 
forming a permanent organization, from November 6th 
until December 17th. The legal bar was a good one, but 
a working organization with full power should have been 
in the field from the first. There was much misdirected 
and go-as-you-please labor during November, and out of 
it the National League—itself hardly in fighting trim, 
because it hoped for a dissolution, and was encouraged 
in its hope by a few influential newspaper partisans— 
gained half a dozen valuable players who had signed the 
original agreement, but, under the influence of threats 
and bribes, afterward signed National League contracts. 

A few devoted men bore the brunt of the fight until 
the December meeting, and then, with an intelligent and 
a common purpose, the new officials took up the work, 
and the Players’ League began to assume form and 
show ability to meet the necessities of the hour. Soon ’ 
public confidence in the new movement increased; the 
American press—intelligent, honest, and fair at all times 
—treated the league with kindness and consideration 
because of the clean methods used in dealing with men. 
The old league, while appealing to the law of the land 
to enforce its alleged reserve rule option, threw all scru- 
3 

















34 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


pies aside in fighting the new league, bribed and told 
false stories to our men, and abused the leaders in the 
new movement. 

These methods had little effect. The New York club, 
of the National League, asked for a temporary injunction 
against John M. Ward, of the Brooklyn club, one of its 
“reserved” players from the season of 1889. The suit 
was heard by Judge Morgan O’Brien, of the Supreme 
Court of New York, early in Januar}^; Messrs. Joseph 
Choate and G. F. Duysturs as attorneys for the New 
York club, and Judge Henry Howland and W. Murray 
for John M. Ward. The decision was reserved. January 
28th it was handed down, Judge O’Brien declining to 
grant the preliminary injunction asked for. 

The decision boomed the new cause, and gave the fin¬ 
ishing touch to the full, round strength it now enjoys. 
Since my connection with the Players’ National League, 
I have found an extraordinary desire on the part of the 
capitalists to work for the general good and sink self- 
interest. All their meetings have been harmonious, and 
the discussions of vital points marked by care and deep 
consideration. All assessments for carrying on the work 
in and outside the organization and courts have been 
promptly met, and not a squabble has marked any meeting. 
'Fhe players have surprised all connected with the new 
league. No work has been too hard and continued for 
them; and at all times they have shown deep faith in their 
new partners. The old league’s sneering criticism,^ Every 
player has his price,” has been proven false by nearly 


HISTORY OF THE PLAYERS* NATIONAL LEAGUE. 35 

every man of the one hundred and twenty under con¬ 
tract to the Players’ League to-day. Some have refused 
comparative fortunes, and all have stood ready to give 
their time, and even money, in aid of the new league. 
Phis alone shows how fast and steadily the American 
ball-player has profited by the public approval given 
him. I have seen players improve in their ideas since 
being thrown in with them by the business of the 
new league, and, in my opinion, no movement was ever 
inaugurated that will improve its men so much. The 
players have already shown their ability to manage their 
own affairs even in troublous times. The old managers 
have not.' This failure is partially accounted for in that 
they underestimated the forces used against them. The 
Players’ League, now on its feet with eight star clubs, 
each full of individual stars, is certain of a successful 
season. I do not expect the National League to die. 
Its clubs in the larger cities will survive, but those in 
the smaller cities can not well do so; the question of 
population and ball-playing ability enters here. The 
Players’ League policy from this date is clear and well 
defined. It sees that the public is the arbiter between 
it and the National League, and will decide all differ¬ 
ences justly. It has treated the public with considera¬ 
tion from its inception, and will use its best endeavors 
in the same direction at all times. The fittest will sur¬ 
vive, and if the Players’ National League does not prove 
its right to be the survivor under such conditions, dis¬ 
solution will be welcome. Frank H. Brunell. 


> 

j 








36 


UNIVERSAL 


BASE-BALL GUIDE 


players’ national league 


At 

Pittsburg. 

June 30 
July 1 
“ 2 
“ 3 

“ 24 

“ 25 

“ 26 
Oct. 2 
“ 3 

“ 4 

July 4 
“ 4 

5 

“ 31 

Aug. 1 

“ 2 

“ 4 

Sept. 24 

“ 25 

“ 27 

COi-i(MOOt>XiOiOt^'JO 

T —1 ^ 

S S?- - fl- - - 

ft a. - g- - 3 - - 

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OJ (M (M 7 - 11-1 

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fti i - 9 ^ - 9*- - 

•T a 42 

<1 1-5 02 

At 

PhiladePa 

April 30 
May 1 
“ 2 
“ 3 

June 5 
“ 6 
“ 7 

Sept. 15 
“ 16 
“ 17 

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c3. - . y. . 3 . . 

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0500'i-tTr»r5:OT-i-'’eo 

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. 

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New York. 

OiOC^COC^GO’^'iOGOCi 

T-H T—( t-h 

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a. . “p. . ft. . . 
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Cleveland. 

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Chicago. 

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At 

Bull alo 

CO 00 

. ti. . U- 

3-- - 3- - 5?- O 

< w O 

June 30 
July 1 
“ 2 
“ 3 

“ 24 

“ 25 

“ 26 
Oct. 2 
“ 3 

“ 4 

<•••••«••- 

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Brooklyn. 

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Boston. 


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h. 

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Buffalo. 

Chicago. 

1 































































































37 


players’ national league schedule. 

SCHEDULE FOR 189O. 


April 25 
“ 26 
“ 28 
“ 29 

Aug. 16 
“ 18 
“ 19 

Sept. 8 
“ 9 

“ 10 

June 25 
“ 26 
“ 27 

“ 2 S 
July 28 
“ 29 

“ 30 

Sept. 19 
‘‘ 20 
“ 22 

O-i-HCOTfi-I^IOOiOr-l 

03 -t^' . 

.. .. . r^'» '* C 0 |'* 

=3- - - 3 - - 03- w 

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»—» t -8 tH rH y-^ 

t>. 03 

S >-i 02 


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T— 1 .—1 1—1 r—i 

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1 ^ >-i 02 

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.b- - ^ 

5'* - - 3 - - s- 

* • .. 

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^ s* p V* s* W..* ^ 

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<1 t-3 

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b- - - .b- .. 5>ib^ - 
S'. - - J3- - 5 - 
s H -< 

• c^** • • ■• • • 

June 30 
July 1 
“ 2 
“ 3 

“ 24 

“ 25 

“ 26 
Sept. 29 
“ 30 

Oct. 1 

T}iTt4iCi-HrH(3j'<o<o?eo-^ 

CO 

^ ^ ti. .. +j.. ., 

S'. -. - 03- - 0 - - 
1-3 -^0 

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tH rH tH rH rH rH "rH 

b- - - 

rt- - - s- - ^- - 

F=i -<02 

(NCO^CDI>GCC5COi---0O 

T-H ^ T-< "rH 

^ s 

<1 

CO 

^ ^ .. 

^ ^ P'*'* O'* -* 

h -5 <J 0 

June 30 
July 1 

2 

“ 3 

“ 24 

“ 25 

“ 26 
Sept. 24 
“ 25 

H O'J' 

ooi>ooio;oi>coTt'iO 

rH rH tH 

^.. .... d - - - 

•^C^COTfOiOi-iTj^.OCO 

^ S l4 

a— - 3 -* ^ CD' ■* 
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O-r-'eO-^T-t'NSOTjuoi^ 

03 +j 

c;.. ^ ^ ^ a- - 

S- -* - 3 -* O)- - 

^-3 1-3 02 

June 25 
“ 26 
“ 27 

“ 28 
July 28 
“ 29 

“ 30 

Sept. 19 
20 

“ 22 

C^CO^OJCO'TfCOrHOJcO 

rH rH rH rH -i-H TH -rH 

0 ^ 

P ^ 

^ r 

H 02 

0;QQ<-i£-00030050 

®JCC05«0t-i-i-ii-iC^N«C 

.... S- -• - 

CB...... .j.... 3 .... 

S ^ <1 

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CO V—t tH tH 

^.. .. a.. .. Q.'- '• 

- S'* - 03- '• 

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(MOJOlOi T-< 

•’ 2 . . . g). . -a. . 

A-'* - 3- - ^■''* 

<5 02 

'^CO^-X'^iOOthC^CO 

<M(^ 0 l 02 rHTHT-H(M 0 l 0 < 

lOCDv^Oit>aOOiT-trHC^ 
tH •rH tH tH 

^ .. .. 
«'*'.'. S'* •* ST'* '* 

S 02 

if3O0003a3t-a0cr:0iO 

(?« OJ »i©i Tl 

A'.'.'. 5'''* 03-- 
<j <1 02 

0 ?CO'^CDCOr}^iOT #<00 
t-h tH rH -rH ^ rH 

§.. .. .. .. 
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1-5 -<02 

0 —'OiCOOrHOJCOCiO 
G^<^^O^O^rHrHrHC^^^CO 

^.. .. .. - Sf- - 

. V 

Cleveland. 

New Y'ork... . 

Philadelphia. 

Pittsburg. 







































































38 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


( 




11 ' 




Lk 





I 



V 


r- 



HISTORY OF THE BROTHERHOOTF 

The formation of the Brotherhood of Base-ball Play¬ 
ers was inspired by the same causes that have doubtless 
been the corner-stone of other protective brotherhoods. 
The National game of base-ball had gradually grown so 
important that its exponents became a numerous body of 
men, who not only represented muscle and brawn, but 
intelligence and manhood. 

Base-ball was acknowledged a profession, and as such 
its members should have received consideration ■ and 
respect from the men who controlled its legislation; but 
greed and selfishness outweighed the common sense and 
business judgment of the self-constituted rulers of the 
national game, and the players found that they were 
being treated and used as so many money-making ma¬ 
chines. 

The men who had obtained control of base-ball forced 
restrictions and unjust conditions on the players until, 
finally, their very rights as American citizens, were threat¬ 
ened, and a ball-player found that he had not even the 
rights that every laborer in the land is entitled to. Is it 
to be wondered at that the men rebelled at the thought of 
being “goods and chattels,” and that some means of self¬ 
protection were looked for? Therefore, it transpired that 
on October 22, 1885, a meeting of the members of the 
New York club was held in a room in the Harlem House, 




y 



( 

t 






HISTORY OF THE BROTHERHOOD. 


39 


115th Street and Third Avenue, New York City; and after 
discussing the methods and evident intentions of the 
rulers of base-ball toward their players, it was resolved 
that they, the players, recognizing the importance of 
united efforts, and impressed with its necessity in their 
own behalf, should form themselves into an organization 
to be known as the National Brotherhood of Base-ball 
Players. 

The objects of the Brotherhood were understood to 
be: First, to protect and benefit its members collectively 
and individually. Second, to promote a high standard 
of professional conduct. Third, to advance the interest 
of, the national game. The original signers were Ward, 
Keefe, Gerhardt, Ewing, Connor, Richardson, Welch, 
Dorgan, and O’Rourke. During the playing season of 
1886 meetings were held in every city in the league cir¬ 
cuit, new chapters were formed in every club and mem¬ 
bers admitted. At subsequent meetings, held during the 
season, the disadvantages of the league contract, the 
formation of a new contract, the buying and selling of 
players, the length of time a player should be bound, 
players’ injuries, etc., were freely discussed. 

In the fall of 1887 the Brotherhood appointed J. M. 
Ward, Daniel Brouthers, and Edward Hanlon as a com¬ 
mittee to wait upon the National League at its annual 
meeting, at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, and demand formal 
recognition for the Brotherhood, and to present to 
the League the grievances of the players. At first, the 
League refused to recognize the men as a Brotherhood; 






40 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


but, after a somewhat lengthy debate, to which the rep¬ 
resentatives of the press were invited, the League was 
forced to admit the rights of the men, and formally and 
officially recognized the Brotherhood. The players’ 
committee presented their complaints and demanded a 
new contract. The League appointed a committee on its 
side to confer with the Brotherhood committee, and, after 
much argument, a new form of contract was mutually 
decided on, and its principal benefit to the player was the 
abolition of the obnoxious two-thousand-dollar limit 
clause. This the League promised faithfully to do, and 
the players relied on the honor of the League, but they 
were betrayed; for when the Brotherhood committee was 
discharged, and the principal officers of the Brotherhood 
were absent on a professional tour around the world, the 
League not only broke its promise to repeal the two- 
thousand-dollar limit clause, but passed the new classifi¬ 
cation scheme, by which no player was to receive more 
than $2,500 for his season’s work; though one club 
might ask ten or twelve thousand dollars bonus of 
another club for the mere option on the player’s services. 

The indignation of the players was fully aroused at 
the League’s flagrant treachery, and when the Brother¬ 
hood again assembled and held its meetings in the early 
spring of 1889, it was resolved to appoint a committee to 
again confer with the League and ask that organization 
to redeem its broken faith. A hearing was asked of the 
League, but then it was that the magnates thought them¬ 
selves secure, and by the supposed helplessness of the 


HISTORY OF THE BROTHERHOOD. 


41 


players, refused them a hearing on the ground that they 
did not consider the matter of sufficient importance. 
This was the crowning point to the arrogant despotism of 
these dictators, and the players revolted at this contempt¬ 
uous disregard of their rights as men and laborers. It 
was then, and then only, that the idea of a Players’ 
League was conceived, and it is at this point I will stop, 
for with the inception of the new league it became, in 
itself, a separate and distinct organization from the 
National Brotherhood of Base-ball Players, and as a 
new league of base-ball clubs, its history should be 
entirely distinct and apart from the Brotherhood. 

T. J. Keefe. 


t 








42 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION. 

The American Association of base-ball clubs was born 
in i88i. Only the National League, of all the present 
base-ball associations, was then alive, with clubs in Chi¬ 
cago, Cleveland, Boston, Buffalo, Providence, Troy, 
Worcester, and Detroit. All the other cities now prom¬ 
inently associated with the game were out. Cincinnati 
made the move out of which the American Association 
grew. Justus Thorner, George Herancourt, and others 
had possession of the plant of the dead Cincinnati 
club, and resolved to go into base-ball. O. P. Caylor, 
then on the Cincinnati Coimnercial Gazette^ entered into 
the scheme with them. The task was a heavy one. 
It was not the organization of one team, but as many as 
were required to make up a new league—four, six, or 
eight clubs. The plan was spread through the news¬ 
papers, and Pittsburgh, through H. D. McKnight, now a 
cattle operator in the Southwest, was interested in the 
scheme. 

, A meeting was called to be held at Cincinnati, Novem¬ 
ber 2, i88i. During the interval between the call and 
the meeting, H. B. Phillips had worked up interest 
in Philadelphia, Louisville, and St. Louis. When the 
meeting assembled, the following cities were represented: 
Cincinnati—J.Thorner,V. Long, O. P. Caylor; St.Louis— 
C. Von der Ahe, J). L. Reid; Louisville—J. H. Pauk, 










HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION. 


43 


J.W. Reccius; Alleghany—H. D. McKnight; Philadelphia 
—H. B. Phillips; Athletics of Philadelphia—Charles Ful¬ 
mer; Atlantics of Brooklyn—W. Barnie. H. D. McKnight 
was made chairman, and J. A. Williams, of Columbus, 
who had been secretary of the old International Associa¬ 
tion, secretary. 

As a result of the meeting, cliibs in Cincinnati, 
St. Louis, Louisville, Pittsburgh, unconditionally, and 
Philadelphia (Athletics) and Brooklyn (Atlantics), con¬ 
ditionally, were admitted to membership. Subsequently, 
the Atlantic club failed to fulfill the conditions under 
which it was admitted, and was compelled to resign, 
Baltimore being given its place. 

Permanent officers werp elected as follows: President, 
H. D. McKnight, Pittsburgh, Penn.; vice-president, J. H. 
Pauk, Louisville, Ky.; secretary and treasurer, James A. 
Williams, Columbus, Ohio. Directors—C.Von der Ahe, St. 
Louis, Mo.; Wihiam Barnie, Baltimore, Md.; Charles Ful¬ 
mer, Philadelphia, Penn.; Justus Thorner,Cincinnati,Ohio. 

The guarantee or self-supporting system, and a 
twenty-five-cent tariff, were adopted. The new organ¬ 
ization was a success from the start. 

At its fall meeting at New York, December 15, 1882, 
there was appointed a committee made up of J. H. Pauk, 
of Louisville, Lewis Simmons and W. Barnie, of Phila¬ 
delphia, to meet a committee from the National League, 
and President Elias Matler, of the newly organized 
Northwestern League. This joint committee was the 
original board of arbitration, and out of its meeting at 







44 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


New York, February 15, 1883, came the original national 
agreement. The officers chosen by this committee, were: 
A. G. Mills, chairman; O. P. Caylor, secretary; Elias 
Matler, treasurer. The agreement was signed, for the 
National League, by A. G. Mills; for the American Asso¬ 
ciation, by H. D. McKnight; by E. Matler, for the North¬ 
western League, and by W. G. Sedley, for the Eastern 
League. * 

This agreement lasted until October, 1885, when that 
agreement now in force was adopted. It set aside the 
minor leagues, and provided for them articles of qualified 
agreement. The association is still alive, and only bad 
management and cliques twice prevented it taking the 
leading place in base-ball. At this time it is but the 
leading minor league. 


AMERICAN ASSOCIATION AVERAGES. 

Below will be found the official averages of all players 
in the American Association, who participated in twenty 
games or more, during the season of 1889: 


Clubs. 

Athletic. ! 

1 

u 

s 

43 

*3 

w 

Brooklyn 

1 

Cincin’ti. 

Columb’s 

Kan. Cy. 

Lou’ville. 

St. Louis. 

Won. 

Percent. 

Athletic. 


12 

7 

11 

12 

12 

14 

8 

76 

567 

Baltimore. 

8 


8 

8 

12 

11 

16 

7 

70 

!514 

Brooklyn. 

12 

i2 

.... 

15 

12 

16 

19 

8 

94 

.681 

Cincinnati. 

9 

11 

5 

. • • . 

11 

14 

18 

8 

76 

.546 

Columbus. 

7 

8 

8 

9 


9 

13 


60 

431 

Kansas City i . 

8 

7 

4 

6 

n 


13 

6 

60 

.412 

Louisville. 

5 

4 

1 

2 

7 

7 


2 

28 

.201 

St. Louis.. 

9 

12 

11 

12 

14 

14 

18 

.... 

90 

.666 

Lost. 

58 

06 

44 

63 

TO 

83 

111 

45 

554 



i 




































Rank. 


INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


45 


INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

7 

8 
9 

TO 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

Ifi 

18 

19 

20 
22 
23 

25 

27 

28 

29 


31 

33 

34 

36 

38 

39 

44 

' 46 
47 


Players. 


Clubs. 


Tucker. 

Milligan. 

Holliday.. .. 

O’JSeill. 

i Stovey. 

) Ray. 

Lyons . 

Orr. 

Larkin . .... 

Bums. 

Shinclle. 

Bierbauer ... 

O’Bi'icn . 

Mullane. 

Purcell. 

J Marr. 

( Burns. 

Hamilton.... 
McCarthy ... 

j Terry. 

I Beard. 

Wolf. -. 

j Kilroy. 

I Weaver. 

j Sterns. 

( Comiskey ... 

Keenan . 

Foutz 

i Johnson. 

Stratton. 

Long .. 

Grinin. 

McTamany. 

j McGarr. 

j Fulmer . 

] Barkley. 

(Hecker. 

Welch. 

O’Conner.... 

Kappel. 

■I Caruthers.... 

McPhee. 

Earle. 

Duryea. 

Colhns. 

Clark. 

Shannon. 


Baltimore. 

St. Louis . 

Cincinnati. 

St. Louis. 

Athletic.... 

Baltimore. 

Athletic. 

Columbus. 

Athletic. 

Brooklyn. 

Baltimore. 

Athletic. 

Brooklyn. 

Cincinnati. 

Athletic. 

Columbus. 

Kansas City.... 
Kansas City .. 

St. Louis. 

Brooklyn. 

Cincinnati. 

Louisville. 

Baltimore. 

Louisville. 

Kansas City.... 

St. Louis. 

Cincinnati. 

Brooklyn_T.. 

Columbus. 

Louisville. 

Kansas City .... 

Baltimore. 

Columbus. 

K. City and Balt 

Baltimore. 

Kansas City.... 

Louisville. 

Athletic. 

Columbus. 

Columbus. 

Brooklyn. 

Cincinnati...... 

Cincinnati. 

Cincinnati. 

Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn. 

Louisville. 


Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

134 

528 

101 

198 

40 

61 

.375 

72 

276 

54 

102 

13 

3 

.370 

135 

562 

107 

193 

24 

51 

.343 

133 

534 

125 

180 

43 

29 

.337 

138 

546 

154 

ISO 

33 

115 

.330 

27 

115 

19 

38 

5 

11 

.330 

131 

507 

1.31 

171 

32 

11 

.327 

134 

5()0 

70 

182 

36 

6 

.325 

133 

516 

108 

167 

35 

10 

.324 

132 

499 

104 

157 

32 

37 

.316 

138 

565 

125 

178 

40 

58 

.315 

130 

543 

78 

170 

27 

26 

.313 

136 

565 

144 

176 

21 

103 

V .312 

62 

192 

53 

69 

9 

29 

.307 

130 

504 

71 

154 

27 

22 

.306 

139 

545 

108 

165 

25 

31 

.303 

133 

575 

108 

174 

38 

52 

.303 

137 

582 

145 

160 

25 

117 

^ .301 

140 

603 

136 

179 

38 

59 

.297 

48 

164 

29 

48 

7 

13 

.293 

141 

560 

96 

164 

48 

39 

.293 

130 

546 

74 

159 

28 

18 

.291 

65 

207 

33 

60 

5 

10 

.290 

124 

496 

62 

144 

23 

22 

.290 

139 

560 

95 

161 

39 

59 

.288 

137 

586 

105 

169 

40 

71 

.288 

87 

300 

52 

86 

19 

23 

.287 

138 

552 

121 

158 

37 

50 

286-^ 

117 

460 

92 

131 

24 

38 

.285 

62 

228 

30 

65 

6 

10 

.285 

136 

571 

137 

160 

13 

91 

.280 

137 

533 

152 

149 

18 

43 

.280 

139 

530 

113 

148 

12 

45 

.279 

28 

115 

23 

32 

4 

12 

.278 

16 

54 

11 

15 

3 

1 

.278 

45 

177 

36 

49 

9 

9 

.277 

82 

329 

42 

91 

13 

16 

.277 

125 

512 

131 

140 

2:3 

92 

.273 

107 

398 

68 

107 

18 

29 

.269 

49 

171 

25 

46 

3 

12 

.269 

57 

171 

45 

46 

11 

15 

.269 

135 

543 

110 

146 

30 

66 

. .269 

63 

167 

37 

45 

12 

27 

.269 

55 

164 

37 

44 

7 

5 

.268 

138 

560 

139 

150 

46 

81 

.268 

53 

181 

32 

48 

14 

22 

.265 

120 

496 

1 91 

131 

26 

27 

.264 














































































































UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


4G 


Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

* 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

O 

Cfi 50 

§51 

OQ 

Stolen 

Bases. 

Aver.age 

Base Hits. 

48 

Reilly. 

Cincinnati. 

Ill 

426 

84 

Ill 

15 

3 

49 

.261 

49 

Ramsey. 

Louisville. 

23 

77 

5 

20 

o 

.260 

50 

Smith...... 

Cincinnati. 

28 

81 

12 

73 

1 

0 

259 

51 

Corkhill.. .. 

Brooklyn. 

138 

534 

90 

1.38 

29 

30 

.2.58 

52 

Carpenter ... 

Cincinnati. 

123 

489 

67 

126 

22 

46 

.257 

53 

Tebeau . 

Cincinnati. 

135 

4QfS 

111 

126 

33 

69 



( Daily. 

Columbus. 

137 

586 

104 

149 

83 

51 

. 254 

54 

•< Davis.... 

K.'insns Hity 

64 

248 

42 

63 

16 

22 

254 


i Latham . ... 

St. Louis ._ 

118 

512 

108 

130 

lU 

29 

83 

.254 


( Ehret. ^ 

Louisville_rr 

67 

257 

26 

65 

12' 

5 

.2.53 

57 

< Browning:.... 

Louisville... ... 

83 

324 

39 

82 

26 

23 

.253 


(Pinckney .. 

Brookljm. 

138 

545 

104 

130 

28 

58 

.253 

60 

Boyle. 

St. TiOnis .... 

99 

344 

58 


23 

6 

2.50 

61 

Visner. 

Brooklyn. 

80 

297 

57 

74 

12 

16 

249 


j Baldwin ..... 

Cincinnati . 

60 

222 

34 

55 

10 

8 

.248 


( Fennelly. 

Athletic. 

138 

513 

69 

45 

127 

26 

20 

248 

64 

j Hoover". 

Kansas City .... 

71 

263 

65 

ii 

7 

!247 


) Flanigan .... 

Louisville. 

23 

89 

11 

22 

4 

1 

.247 

66 

Nicol. 

Cincinnati.... 

122 

476 

81 

117 

27 

81 

*>16 

67 

Duffee. . 

St. Louis. 

137 

510 

93 


29 

22 

245 

68 

Robinson.... 

Athletic. 

69 

260 

31 

63 

6 

9 

.242 

69 

j Raymond.... 

Louisville. 

130 

515 

58 

124 

26 

21 

.241 


( McCarthy.... 

Kansas City.... 

20 

79 

12 

19 

5 

4 

.241 

71 

Dowie. 

Baltimore. 

20 

75 

13 

18 

n 

5 

210 

72 

Donahue. 

Kansas City.... 

67 

252 

.30 

60 

17 

10 

.238 


j Mack. 

Baltimore. 

136 

521 

87 

, 123 

35 

25 

.236 


j Cook. 

Louisville. 

81 

284 

33 

67 

12 

11 

.236 

4i> 

King. 

St. TjOuis. 


184 

37 

43 

A 

3 



J Vaughn. 

Louisville.. 

90 

360 

40 

84 

25 

11 


76 

1 Smitli. 

Brooklyn .... 

121 

442 

89 

103 

IQ 

37 


78 

Sowders. 

Kansas City. 

28 

'87 

10 

20 

6 

1 

.2.30 

79 

j Fuller. 

St. Louis. 

140 

518 

87 

118 

36 

46 

.228 


^ Stivetts. 

St. TjOui.s._ 

26 

79 

10 

18 

A 

0 

OO^ 

81 

Hornung. 

Baltimore. 

135 

538 

70 

122 

33 

43 

.227 

82 

Cross. 

Athletic . 

55 

199 

25 


1 1 

10 


83 

Sommer. 

Baltimore. 

106 

384 

49 

86 

19 

16 

2>4 

81 

) Pickett. 

Kansas City.... 

41 

202 

20 

cu 

45 

10 

9 

.223 


Peeples... ^. 

Columbus_.»r. 

28 

94 

13 

21 

4 

3 

^^.223 

86 

Alvoi’d. 

Kansas City 

.50 

190 

23 

AO 

o 

K 

991 

87 

( Greenwood 

Columbus 

118 

411 

63 

90 

19 

40 

.219 

1 

( Seward .. .. 

Athletic. 

45 

146 

22 

32 

7 

7 

.219 

89 ! 

Tomney. 

Louisville . 

,112 

376 

60 

81 

14 

26 

.215 

90 ' 

j Brennan .. 

Athletic. 

31 

112 

12 

24 

9 

8 

.214 


( Cunningham 

Baltimore. 

40 

131 

12 

28 

9 

3 

.214 

92 

Robinson.... 

St.-Louis. 

132 

453 

99 

95 

26 

42 

.210 

93 

Widner. 

Columbus. 

40 

1.34 

17 

28 

7 

7 

.209 

94 

Conway. 

Kansas City.... 

41 

149 

14 

31 

4 

0 

.208 

«5 

J Manning. 

Kansas City .... 

132 

,505 

68 

103 

35 

62 

.204 


} Farrell. 

Baltimore . 

42 

157 

26 

32 

11 

14 

.204 








































































































INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


47 


Rank. |j 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

97 

Carl. 

Louisville. . 

25 

99 

13 

20 

10 

0 

.202 

98 

Mattiinore... 

Ath'tic and K.C. 

42 

145 

17 

29 

11 

8 

.200 

99 

Gunsou. 

Kansas City .. 

34 

121 

15 

24 

4 

1 

,198 

100 

Chamberlain. 

St. Louis . 

53 

173 

19 

34 

15 

3 

.197 

101 

Gastright .. 

Columbus . 

31 

93 

5 

17 

4 

0 

,183 

\ Baldwin. 

Columbus . 

64 

209 

19 

38 

10 

2 

.182 

102 

1 Holland. 

Baltimore. 

40 

143 

13 

26 

4 

4 

.182 


i Bwinp' . 

Louisville. 

41 

134 

12 

24 

12 

5 

.179 

104 

) Hughes. 

Brooklyn. 

19 

67 

4 

12 

4 

0 

.179 

106 

i T .nvetl,. 

Brooklyn. 

30 

101 

17 

18 

45 

7 

5 

.178 

j Tatf*. 

Baltimore. 

72 

253 

28 

15 

3 

.178 

108 

Easterday.... 

Columbus. 

105 

325 

44 

► 

15 

14 

.175 

.174 

109 

no 

Oiiin7i 

Baltimore. 

54 

190 

17 

33 

13 

6 

Galligan. 

Louisville. 

31 

120 

6 

20 

7 

2 

.167 

111 

i Bushong. 

Brooklyn. 

25 

80 

15 

13 

3 

3 

.163 

I Ryan. 

Louisville. 

21 

80 

7 

13 

0 

1 

.163 

113 

114 

riant.T; . rO 

Baltimore 

21 

76 

6 

12 

5 

1 

.l')8 

Mays. 

Columbus . ... 

22 

58 

4 

9 

5 

1 

.1.55 

.151 

115 

Swartzel... . 

Kansas City.... 

52 

179 

18 

27 

14 

7 

116 

117 

Viaii 

Cincinnati. 

47 

145 

14 

21 

r* 

4 

6 

.145 

McMahon .. . 

Athletic. 

30 

105 

9 

15 

4 

1 

.143 

118 

Foreman ... 

Baltimore. 

54 

179 

18 

25 

6 

9 

.140 

119 

120 

Wpvbinp'. 

Athletic. 

53 

192 

15 

26 

12 

4 

. 135 

Bligh. 

Columbus. 

27 

95 

6 

12 

7 

2 

.126 



























































48 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE 


THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 


At 

St. Louis. 

I.=. tr: = 

f-s <5 0! 

'^fTfiOOOOG^t-^GQO 
*+“ * 4— T-H ^ (5^ ^ 

* -H* 

-b- . bii. ft- - 

j2-- - P- - O'' 

►-? <5 02 

“i— , 

..b- - - - ft4j'- 

1-5 OiO 

June +28 

“ *29 

July 1 

“ 2 

Aug. 19 

“ 20 

“ 21 

Sept. 19 

“ +20 

“ *21 

6 

p 

o 

lA 

July 8 
“ 9 

“ 10 
“ 12 
Aug. 19 
“ 20 
“ 21 
Sept. 19 
“ t20 
“ *21 

QOOi-rHC<i»OtOt-Oi-i(M 

55 (M CO 

2- .b- - ■^4i- 

t-5 <5 030 

July *13 

“ 15 

“ 16 

“ 17 

Aug. +9 

“ *10 

“ 12 

Sept+27 

“ *28 

“ 29 

•<i(T}<intt>Tf<cot-coT)<o 

-h-* 

-»-* . 

p'' - P'' ST-*- 
1-5 <5 02 

At 

Columbus. 

July 4 
“ 4 

“ +5 

“ *6 
Aug. *3 
“ 5 

“ 6 
Sept. 30 
Oct. 1 

2 

C0i0O£>CiO’^OO’-‘ 
T—i r-t tH t— 1 ^ G^ Ci G^ 

* ^ . -i-* 

>5 ti O 

3- - - 3- - ft- - 

1-5 <5 02 

COOSr-iG^rt^COt^CO'^liG 
G^Gi T-.r^i-«GlG^G^ 

-H* -H* 

G) >5 tiX) 

fl G 'TS G G ^G G 

w- J3- p- - ^- - 

1-5 <5 02 

Q0050(5?050ff«fcCOC5 
r-y r-1 4— 1—1 1—1 lyi Ol 

-i- * +-* 

3- - - P- - g*- - 

►-5 <5 02 

At 

Toledo. 

0Qc;•I-l(M0sO(^?^^QD05 
-i-1-1 r-. (M o? N 

+-* * -t-* 

O >> ti 4j 

O'* TJ- a2 “ 2 

02 

G005OG^’^?0?>C0'rfL0 
1-^ i-H ^ ^ G'i G^ G^ 

-H* . 

.b.. - - - ft- - 

g-- - P'' ^'' 

1-5 <5 02 

'^'^xOOOiOT-iOiO^ 

+-* ^ Gi G^ T-i Gi GJ 

►-5 <5 02 

coio:or>iO:ot>OT-«Gl 

T-H r-» r-t CO 

* 

.^- - - - ft*i- 

^ < mO 

At 

Rochester 

-H* 

sj- - P- - jj.. - 

S t-3 <5 

dOOSOi-iOS-r-iOiTtiiOO 
05o»eO y—OiCi-i-* 

— + * 

5:5-- ^P--+S-- 
ft' 'SP'' O'- 

<5 O 

0-^G^COT-iGiM<GiCO^ 

1 -H y—i T—+ T-H ^ r-l r-t 1 -^ 

+-* 4- .+-* 

- - «-, ft- - 
S 1-5 02 

! I ! I I • ! I I ! 

At 

Syracuse. 

cQc»Oi-i05T-io?'5j<mco 
C5oj eo r-i ( 2 J Oi+-* 

•ri <1! 

ft' o- - 

<5 o 

oicoTfioTriOsoco-tio 
■h-* o5oj(Mo^o}oj 

► ® 1?* 

;^- - - p- - - 

S ^ <5 

• •••••••a • 

aataataaa* 

aaaa^saaaa 

• aaataa ata 

CD!>00 05incDt-»f5«5t> 

1—1 1—1 T—1 TH T.4 1—1 
* 

b- - - - -S.- - 

^-- - 0- - ^-- 

At 

Brooklyn. 

OX>OOOSC^TfiOG^CO’^ 

rH ^ 1-H ^ 

P 4-> 

p - a-' 

' 3' ' ' 

S 1-5-02 

• •S***a«*« 

April 17 
“ 18 
“ +19 
“ *20 
June +7 
“ *8 
“ 9 

Oct. 7 
“ 8 
“ 9 

April 22 
“ 24 

“ +26 
“ *27 
June 3 
“ 4 

“ 5 

Oct. +11 
“ *12 
“ 13 

At 

Philadel a 


OGiCOTj<OJ>QOiO':Ot^ 

t-h T-1 rH T-^ y— « ^ 

^- - - p- - ft- - 
ra- - - p- - ^- - 

S cc 

Ple<5rf'O00''3'i0Oi-HC0 
(5J'5J(5 !i W r-i-HT-i 

^2 2 2 §2 2 -§2 2 
<5 ^=5 0 

April 17 
“ 18 
“ +19 
“ 21 
June +7 
“ 9 

“ 10 
Oct. 7 
“ 8 
“ 9 

CLUBS. 

Athletic. 

1 

Brooklyn .. 

Syracuse . 

Rochester. 


















































































AMERICAN ASSOCIATION SCHEDULE 


40 


SCHEDULE FOR 189 O. 


'S_. 

ft-*-' - S'*'* «■*'* 

1-5 0 

Apr.+26 
“ *27 
“ 28 
“ 29 

June 12 
“ +14 
“ *15 
Oct. 7 

“ 8 

“ 9 

r-t©iOO'<J'lO«0!>COTplO 
-J-* (3t ©i <?i 154 Ci 

»>••••••«• 

• •. ••• •«•« 

• •• •« «•••* 

Apr.+26 
“ *27 
“ 28 
“ 29 

June 12 
“ +14 
“ *15 
Oct. 7 
“ 8 
“ 9 

5ico->i'iO{>acort<io«o 
6ie5!M©i+-* T-t-i-* 

s a> 

7 ^ (3 <1* 1* y* 

p,. .. q-'' o-*- 

<1 0 

i ■ i i : i ! ; i ■ 

l^XOOCOTfiOi-'C^CO 
r-* O't r-i 

*3 0 

i^-OOCiOCOTTiOrHC^CO 

■r-« T-» -r^ C'i 1 -^ 1-1 

• i—t ^ ^ 

p.-- - S'*'* 0-- 

0 

• ••••«•*•• 

• ••••••••• 

• ••••••••• 

i-H ^ ^ 'tH 

-i- * .-(-*■ 

!>. 54 4S 

:: - Si 3 g<i 2 

CL> 

^ CO 

Of>*OOOir-»C^COxO«Dl'- 
C'l th th 

. q. -g.. . 

q. . . g. . 

1^ t-3 CO 

• •••••«••• 

• ••••••••• 

>••••• !• •• 

>••••••• '• 

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T-HOlCC>'^TflO?OCOTt‘iO 

qi - gi :: i 

May 6 
“ 7 

“ 8 
“ 9 

June+21 
“ *22 
“ 23 

Sept. 15 
“ 16 
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tH --h tH ^ 

■*-* 

^ q +a 

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lOOl^OOOSQ^CO'^CO 

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b- - - .b. . ft. - 
q... q- - ST'*'' 
S 1-5 to 

May 30 
“ 30 

“ +31 
June *1 
July *27 
“ 28 
“ 30 

Aug.*31 
Sept. 1 
“ 1 

OQ^ofr-iojcot^aocs 
i-c C4 04 '3* 

ft. . 

q. . . q- . ^. . 

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«... q.- . 

<J CO 

May+24 
“ *25 
“ 26 
“ 28 
July *27 
“ 28 
“ 30 

Aug. *31 
Sept. 1 

1 “ 1 

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May 30 
“ 30 

May +31 
June *1 
July 23 
“ 24 

“ +26 
Aug. 27 
“ 28 
“ +30 

May 20 
“ 21 

“ 22 
“ 

July 28 
“ 29 

“ 30 

Sept. 8 
“ 9 

“ 10 

May 30 
“ 30 

“ +31 
June 2 
July 31 
Aug. 1 
“ +2 
“ 27 

“ 28 
“ +30 

iO^Di-o^corr^cO'^o 

tHt-I't-it—- i- 
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. ft. . 

4rtt>t.aooi.-(0?i-iTHC« 
04 Oi 04 04 r.| 04 04 
■*- 

^. . . .b. . g. . 

q. . . g. . 

1-5 to 

Toledo . 

Columbus . 

i 

Louisville . 

1 _ 

St. Louis . 


4 


t Saturday. * Sun day. 


















































































50 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE, 


AMERICAN ASSOCIATION PITCHING RECORD FOR 1889 . 

The following table shows the record of the twenty- 
one pitchers of the American Association who partici¬ 
pated in ten or more games during the championship 
season of 1889. Caruthers, of the Brooklyns, leads, in 
percentage of victories, the next highest by nearly 100 
per cent. Stivetts, of the St. Louis, surpasses all others 
in percentage of base hits made off his pitching, and 
also in average of earned runs. 


Pitchers. 


Caruthers.,.. 
Chamberlain 

King. 

Stivetts. 

Duryea. 

Lovett. 

Terry. 

Seward. 

MuUane. 

Weyhing .... 

Hughes. 

Viau. 

Foreman .... 
McMahon.... 

Kilroy. 

Conway. 

Cunningham 

Baldwin. 

Widner. 

Swartzel. 

Ehret. 


Clubs. 

Games. 

Per cent, of 
Victories. 

Per cent, of 

Base Hits 

off Pitching. 

Avera^ of 

Earned Runs. 

Per cent, of 

Fielding. 

Per cent, of 

Batting. 

Brooklyn. 

45 

.800 

.251 

1.98 

.977 

.269 

St. Louis. 

47 

.702 

.222 

2.16 

.953 

.197 

St. Louis. 

50 

.680 

.250 

2.44 

.962 

.2M 

St. Louis. 

18 

.667 

.209 

1.38 

.909 

.228 

Cincinnati. 

46 

.652 

.242 

1.65 

.892 

.268 

Brooklyn. 

28 

.643 

.256 

2.41 

.937 

.178 

Brooklyn. 

37 

.622 

.223 

2.00 

.880 

.293 

Athletic. 

35 

.600 

.274 

2.08 

.912 

•219 

Cincinnati. 

24 

.583 

.255 

2 17 

.914 

.307 

Athletic. 

51 

.569 

.224 

1.69 

.914 

.135 

Brooklyn. 

Cincinnati. 

18 

.5.56 

.275 

2.70 

.976 

.179 

42 

.548 

.260 

2.36 

.927 

.145 

Baltimore. 

44 

.545 

.235 

2.14 

.866 

.140 

Athletic. 

28 

.536 

.241 

'2.41 

.919 

.143 

Baltimore. 

54 

.519 

.2.51 

1.76 

.930 

.290 

Kansas City. 

39 

.487 

.241 

1.90 

.922 

.208 

Baltimore. 

33 

.485 

.274 

2..51 

.922 

.214 

Columbus. 

62 

.4.52 

.228 

1.95 

.912 

.182 

Columbus.. 

32 

.406 

.290 

2.80 

.878 

.209 

Kansas City. 

47 

.404 

.281 

2.73 

. 9:34 

.151 

Louisville. 

39 

.256 

.281 

2.68 

.899 

.253 


> 



































































Individual batting averages. 


51 


MINOR LEAGUES. 

THE INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE. 


This was the order in the International League at the 
close of the season of 1889: 


Clubs. 

Buffalo. 

Detroit. 

Hamilt’n. 

London. 

Roch’st’r. 

Syracuse. 

Toledo. 

Toronto. 

Won. 

Played. 

Per Cent. 

Buffalo. .... 


4 


7 

4 

6 

8 

5 

41 

107 

.381 

Detroit. 

12 


13^ 

10 

11 

8 

8 

10 

72 

111 

.649 

Hamilton . . ... 

8 

3 

. • • • 


^5 

5 

4 

4 

34 

108 

.314 

London . 

9 

6 

11 

* • • > 


8 

4 

7 

53 

107 

.495 

Rochester. 

11 

5 

11 

7 

• • « • 

5 

11 

9 

59 

108 

.546 

Syracuse . 

8 

8 

11 

7 

10 

. • • • 

9 

10 

63 

107 

.588 

Toledo .."_ 

8 

8 

9 

9 

5 

7 

• « • • 

9 

55 

106 

.519 

Toronto . 

10 

5 

12 

9 

6 

5 

7 

.... 

54 

108 

.500 

Lost. 

66 

39 

74 

54 

49 

44 

51 

54 





INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 
Bat. 

Runs. 

\ 

<D 

GQ 

c3 

Average 
Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

1 

Sunday . 

Toledo. 

31 

128 

32 

51 

.398 

9 

4 

2 

Warden ... 

Toledo . 

109 

424 

107 

267 

.394 

28 

58 

3 

Knight. 

T.ondon. 

103 

472 

81 

165 

..349 

1 

4i 

4 

Kinslow. 

London. 

72 

274 

45 

94 

.343 

9 

9 

5 

Child. 

Syracuse.. , .. 

105 

425 

79 

145 

.341 

21 

53 

6 

Hoover. 

Toronto .... 

110 

483 

114 

161 

.333 

19 

72 

7 

Friel. 

London . 

41 

176 

45 

58 

.329 

3 

26 

8 

Powell. 

Hamilton. 

40 

149 

30 

48 

.322 

8 

26 

9 

Goodfellow. ... 

Detroit. 

57 

210 

43 

67 

.319 

14 

8 

10 

W. O’Brien_ 

Rochester .... 

95 

375 

53 

119 

.317 

13 

15 

11 

Burke. 

Toronto . 

109 

476 

102 

150 

.315 

26 

97 

12 

Virtue . 

Detroit . 

107 

382 

80 

120 

.314 

20 

40 





















































































52 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

13 

Wood. 

London.. ... 

14 

Wright. 

Syracuse. . .. 

15 

J Alvord. 

Toledo . 

"j Ward. 

Hamilton.... 

17 

Hiland. 

London. 

18 

Rainey. 

Buffalo. 

19 

Rooks . 

Detroit. 

20 

j Brodie . 

Hamilton. 

( Nicholson. 

Toledo. 

22 

Lehane. 

Buffalo. 

23 

Shafer . 

Detroit. 

24 

McQueery. 

Syracuse ... . 

25 

Grifiin . 

Rochester .... 

26 

Zell . 

Detroit. 

97 

) MePhillips. . .. 

Rochester .... 


( Smith. 

Detroit. 

29 

Fitzgerald. 

Rochester. 

30 

Campau . 

Detroit. 

31 

Donnelly . 

Detroit. 

32 

Swartwbod ... 

Hamilton. 

33 

McGuix’e. 

Toronto. 

34 

Wheelock. ... 

Detroit. 

35 

1 Kearns, H. 

London. 

) Ellis. 

London. 

37 

i Hartnett. 

Toronto . 

] Pettit. 

Toronto . 

qq 

i Simon. 

Rochester .... 

oy 

Hamburg. 

Buffalo. 

41 

Collins, R. 

Buffalo. 

42 

Hofford. 

Rochester. 

43 

Esterbrook. .. 

London. 

41 

( Sneed. 

Toledo . 

j Blair. 

Hamilton.... 

46 

Sluebeck. 

London....... 


j Donovan. 

London. 

47 

) O’Brien. 

Rochester .... 

49 

Connor. 

Syracuse. 

50 

Shepherd . 

Buffalo. 


) Sales . 

Hamilton. .. 

01 

(Vickery. 

Toronto.. .. 

53 

Stallings. 

Toledo. 

54 

Higgin^. 

Detroit . 

55 

Grim. 

Toronto. 

56 

McLaughlin. 

Syracuse . .. 


( Van Dyke. . 

Toledo. 

04 

1 Rogei’s. 

Toledo. 


j Knowles. 

Rochester . . . 

Ou 

) Andrus .. 

Buffalo. 


Games. 

ci 

at'§ 

gM 

H 

CO 

a 

p 

fKn 

Base Hits. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

• 

29 

117 

14 

37 

.313 

7 

5 

107 

423 

107 

131 

309 

10 

29 

52 

224 

33 

69 

.308 

11 

11 

50 

201 

34 

62 

.308 

8 

37 

37 

147 

37 

45 

.306 

6 

21 

108 

452 

91 

138 

.305 

21 

36 

112 

455 

109 

138 

.303 

29 

50 

111 

467 

87 

141 

.302 

18 

50 

87 

361 

52 

109 

.302 

14 

39 

109 

445 

66 

134 

.301 

18 

11 

110 

436 

99 

131 

.300 

16 

38 

104 

438 

70 

131 

.299 

18 

20 

111 

456 

101 

134 

.294 

18 

45 

16 

58 

8 

17 

.293 

3 

4 

108 

433 

54 

116 

.290 

29 

37 

33 

100 

28 

29 

.290 

9 

8 

17 

45 

11 

13 

288 

1 

0 

112 

442 

111 

126 

.285 

32 

69 

89 

369 

m 

105 

.284 

32 

64 

105 

427 

69 

121 

283 

17 

36 

93 

354 

‘ 72... 

100 

.282 

28 

20 

112 

483 

130 

Kirr-T^ 

24 

89 

109 

438 

70 

123 

.280 

28 

41 

39 

171 

31 

48 

.280 

9 

10 

89 

373 

50 

104 

.279 

30 

15 

41 

179 

47 

50 

.279 

5 

18 

102 

385 

71 

107 

.278 

21 

56 

109 

413 

74 

116 

.278 

22 

40 

103 

379 

93 

no 

.277 

18 

81 

16 

47 

6 

13 

.276 

0 

1 

39 

160 

30 

44 

.275 

11 

16 

95 

337 

74 

92 

273 

17 

35 

65 

241 

31 

66 

.273 

4 

26 

108 

416 

104 

113 

.271 

8 

53 

53 

224 

45 

60 

.268 

10 

27 

43 

175 

18 

47 

.268 

13 

12 

107 

452 

67 

121 

.267 

32 

44 

92 

345 

59 

92 

.266 

8 

29 

104 

451 

70 

119 

.264 

15 

20 

43 

1.58 

31 

42 

.264 

11 

12 

28 

91 

12 

24 

.263 

2 

8 

112 

513 

79 

134 

.261 

42 

37 

8:3 

334 

52 

87 

.260 

20 

52 

105 

389 

58 

101 

.259 

8 

21 

10(5 

424 

64 

108 

.254 

18 

59 

15 

55 

9 

14 

.254 

2 

3 

144 

178 

32 

45 

.253 

11 

18 

109 

450 

88 

114 

.253 

11 

45 




































































































INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


53 


Hank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 1 


\ Campana. 

London. 

31 

119 

15 

30 

.252 

10 

1 

Dl 

I Rris^e^s. 

Syracuse . 

53 

182 

22 

46 

.252 

8 

4 

63 

Dickerson. 

London . 

131 

131 

16 

33 

.251 

2 

3 

64 

Rnrkley. 

Toledo . 

50 

197 

26 

49 

.248 

16 

1 

65 

McMillan. 

Toronto. 

106 

385 

80 

95 

.247 

18 

65 


Phillips. 

Hamilton. 

82 

302 

26 

74 

.245 

11 

9 

67 

Ely..t. 

Syracuse . 

70 

455 

68 

111 

.244 

24 

39 

68 

Thayer. 

Buffalo. 

12 

181 

27 

44 

.243 

2 

10 

69 

Peltz. 

Rochester . 

109 

408 

61 

91 

.242 

24 

19 

70 

Keefe. 

Syracuse . 

40 

150 

18 

36 

.240 

11 

0 

71 

Knauss. 

Detroit. 

40 

147 

17 

35 

.238 

9 

5 

72 

Shafer. 

Toledo. 

80 

287 

46 

68 

.237 

17 

45 

73 

rJoiighlin . 

London. 

21 

73 

12 

17 

.233 

3 

3 

74 

Reidy. 

Buffalo. 

70 

267 

31 

62 

.232 

15 

7 

75 

Pettee. 

London. 

76 

312 

39 

72 

.230 

15 

8 

76 

Polhemus. 

Hamilton. 

19 

79 

18 

18 

.228 

4 

0 

77 

Rottonns. 

Toledo. 

70 

269 

48 

61 

.226 

9 

37 

78 

Wells. 

Detroit. 

53 

200 

30 

15 

.225 

11 

15 

79 

Smith. 

Toledo. 

43 

156 

24 

35 

.224 

5 

18 

80 

\ McGuire. 

Toronto, Det.. 

53 

204 

37 

45 

.220 

19 

34 

i Mnrra.v. 

London.. 

44 

150 

21 

33 

.220 

5 

8 

82 

Wa.lkpr. 

Syracuse . 

50 

171 

29 

37 

.216 

4 

18 

83 

Whitney. 

Buffalo. 

29 

95 

12 

20 

.210 

8 

1 


1 Tifl. Roque. 

London. 

68 

243 

40 

51 

.209 

6 

27 

84 

1 Gibbs -- 

Buffalo, Ham. 

40 

143 

14 

30 

.209 

9 

2 

86 

Murphy... 

Syracuse . 

47 

173 

21 

36 

.208 

8 

11 

87 

Rickley . .. 

Toronto. 

91 

339 

46 

75 

.207 

15 

18 

88 

Shreve . 

Detroit. 

27 

97 

17 

20 

.206 

9 

4 

89 

Stuart. 

Ham’ton, Buff 

44 

186 

18 

38 

.204 

9 

8 

90 

Burke . 

Rochester .... 

17 

59 

3 

12 

.203 

2 

1 


( Calihan .... 

Roch’ter, Buff 

41 

138 

24 

28 

.200 

3 

4 

91 

) Oldfield. 

Hamilton..... 

43 

150 

13 

30 

.200 

8 

2 


t Prinpf^. 

London. 

19 

71 

7 

14 

.197 

1 

0 

93 

•< McLaughlin. . 

Toronto. 

108 

391 

72 

77 

.197 

24 

90 


( Quest. 

Toledo. 

21 

81 

9 

16 

.197 

3 

0 

96 

Sage . 

Toledo. 

71 

235 

22 

46 

.196 

5 

5 

97 

Sera d .... 

Toronto. 

36 

123 

20 

24 

.194 

7 

4 

98 

McShannic . .. 

Hamilton. 

54 

213 

21 

40 

.187 

12 

24 


1 Toole. 

Buffalo, Roch. 

38 

135 

16 

25 

.185 

11 

12 

99 

'( Jones. 

London . 

46 

167 

14 

31 

.185 

11 

2 

101 

8»pips . . ... 

Hamilton.... 

43 

156 

14 

28 

.179 

5 

5 

102 

Lufb’y. 

Rochester .... 

68 

'275 

127 

49 

.178 

10 

4 


( Banning. 

Detroit. 

47 

163 

26 

28 

.171 

3 

11 

103 

1 Toy. 

Rochester . .. 

51 

187 

25 

32 

.171 

8 

4 

105 

Rpa.ly . 

Buffalo. 

71 

258 

33 

44 

.170 

16 

20 

106 

Titpomb. 

Toronto . 

29 

106 

8 

18 

.169 

9 

1 

107 

Battin. 

Syracuse .... 

107 

419 

44 

70 

.167 

30 

15 

108 

Fanning. 

Buffalo. 

16 

54 

7 

9 

.166 

1 

3 




























































































54 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 


j Cushman. 

TnlerJo. 

32 

110 

7 

18 

.163 

rt 

0 

109 

1 Jovr.f^ . . . 

Toledo . 

30 

110 

27 

18 

.163 

7 

11 

111 

McCann . 

Hamilton. 

38 

161 

20 

26 

.161 

5 

18 

112 

Oftiss . 

T.ondon. 

31 

106 

7 

17 

.160 

3 

4 


j Calihan, T. 

Rochester .... 

44 

172 

15 

27 

.156 

6 

11 

llo 

(Barr. 

Rochester .... 

47 

160 

14 

25 

.156 

8 

2 

115 

Cain . 

London _ 

34 

116 

7 

18 

.155 

4 

2 

116 

White. 

Buffalo. 

20 

68 

5 

10 

147 

1 

1 

117 

Swift. 

Toronto. 

27 

98 

9 

14 

.146 

7 

5 

118 

McKeough. . . . 

Rochester .... 

72 

242 

34 

33 

.136 

12 

19 

119 

Wehrle . 

Toledo. 

26 

87 

8 

9 

.103 

5 

0 


INTERNATIONAL PITCHING RECORD .FOR 1889. 

The_record of the pitchers in the International League, 
who participated in ten or more games during 1889, fol¬ 
lows: 


Pitchers. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Victories. 

Defeats. 

Per Cent, of 
Victories. 

Average of 
Earned Runs. 

Average Bat¬ 
tery Errors. 

Average 
Sti'uck Outs. 

Batting 

Average. 

Fielding 

Average. 

Smith. 

Knauss. 

Shreve . 

Barr. 

Keefe. 

Murphy. 

Giess. 

Fitzgerald... 

Smith . 

Cushman .... 

Serad. 

Jones. 

Whitney. 

Titcomb. 

Callahan. 

Detroit. 

Detroit. 

Detroit. 

Rochester .. 
Syracuse.... 
Syracuse.... 

London. 

Rochester... 

Toledo. 

Toledo. 

Toledo. 

London. 

Buffalo. 

Toronto..... 
Rochester... 

26 

40 

27 

47 

39 

46 

15 

17 

37 

32 

35 

35 

24 

2? 

39 

18 

27 
18 
29 
24 

28 

9 

10 

21 

18 

19 

19 

13 

14 

20 

8 

13 

9 

18 

15 
18 

6 

7 

16 

14 
16 
16 
11 
13 
19 

.692 

.675 

.667 

.617 

.615 

.609 

.600 

.588 

.568 

.563 

.543 

.513 

.542 

.519 

.513 

2.55 

1.65 
2.07 
1.68 

1.84 

1.85 
2.46 

2 38 
2.05 
2.09 
2.11 
2.19 

2.66 
1.29 
1.74 

4.02 

5.04 

4.14 

3.22 
3.28 
4.84 
2.11 
6.11 
4.02 
3.11 
3.38 
3.03 
4.01 
4.09 

4.23 

3.00 

4 33 
2.02 
3.28 
3.21 
2.39 

2.07 

4.05 

3.00 

6.02 

2.00 

2.27 

4.06 

4.17 

4.03 

.290 

.238 

.206 

.156 

.240 

.208 

.160 

.288 

.224 

.163 

.194 

.185 

.210 

.169 

.200 

.930 

.951 

.974 

.954 

.941 

981 

.972 

.900 

.974 

.910 

.954 

.935 

.920 

.891 

.963 
























































































INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE SCHEDULE. 


55 


THE INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE SCHEDULE. 

The schedule meeting of the International League 
was held March 25th and 26th, at Toronto. A combina¬ 
tion club, representing Bay City and Saginaw, and the 
Buffalo club, were admitted to membership, and the fol¬ 
lowing championship schedule was adopted: 

Games Played in Buffalo. —With Detroit, May 8, 9, 
10, June 16, 17, 18, Aug. 14, 15, 16, Sept. 18, 19, 20; Sagi¬ 
naw and Bay City, May 5, 6, 7, June 12, 13, 14, July 17, 
18, 19, Aug. 9, II, 12; London, May i, 2, 3, 30 (a. m. and 
p. M.), 31, July 10, II, 12, Sept. 15, 16, 17; Hamilton, 
May 26, 27, 28, June 26, 27, 28, Aug. 5, 6, 7, Sept, i, 2, 
3; Toronto, June 9, 10, ii, July 4 (a. m. and p. m.), 5, 
Aug. 25, 26, 27, Sept. 22, 23, 24. 

Games Played in Detroit. —With Saginaw and Bay 
City, June 5, 6, 7, July 10, ii, 12, Aug, 21, 22, 23, Sept. 15, 
16, 17; London, June 12, 13, 14, July 4 (a. m. and p. m.), 

5, Aug. I, 2, 3, Sept. II, 12, 13; Buffalo, May 19,20, 21, 
June 23, 24, 25,, July 14, 15, 16, Sept. 6, 8, 9; Hamilton, 
May 15, 16, 17, June 9, 10, ii, July 28, 29, 30, Aug. 25, 
26, 27; Toronto, May 12, 13, 14, 30 (a. m. and p. m.), 31, 
July 17, 18, 19, Aug. 18, 19, 20. 

Games Played in Hamilton.— With Detroit, May 5, 

6, 7, June 19, 20, 21, July 21, 22, 23, Sept. 22, 23, 24; Sagi¬ 
naw and Bay City, May i, 2, 3, 23, 24 (a. m. and p. m.), 
July 14, 15, 16, Aug. 18, 19, 20; London, May 8, 9, 10, 
June 16, 17, 18, Aug. 9, ii, 12, Sept. 18, 19, 20; Buffalo, 
June 2, 3, 4, July i (a. m. and p. m.), 2, 24, 25, 26, Aug. 




m 


56 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


21, 22, 23; Toronto, June 5, 6, 7, July 7, 8, 9, Aug. i, 

2, 4, Sept. II, 12, 14. 

Games Played in London. —With Detroit, May 23, 24 
(a. m. and p. m.), July 7, 8, 9^4^. 5, 6, 7, 28, 29, 30; Sag¬ 
inaw and Bay City, May 26, 27/^8, June 19, 20, 21, July 
I (a. m. and p. m.), 2, Aug. 14, 15, 16; Buffalo, May 12, 13, 
14, June 5, 6, 7, July 28, 29, 30, Aug. 18, 19, 20; Hamil¬ 
ton, May 19, 20, 21, June 23, 24, 25, July 17, 18, 19, Sept. 
4, 5,6; Toronto, May 15, 16, 17, June 26, 27, 28, July 

24, 25, 26, Aug. 21, 22, 23. 

Games Played in Saginaw and Bay City. —With 
Detroit, June 2, 3, 4, 26, 27, 28, July 24, 25, 26, Sept, i, 2, 
3; London, June 9, 10, ii, July 21, 22, 23, Aug. 25, 26, 27, 
Sept. 22, 23, 24; Buffalo, May 15, 16, 17, July 7, 8, 9, 
Aug. I, 2, 4, Sept. II, 12, 13; Hamilton, May^i2, 13, 14, 
May 30 (a. m. and p. m.), 31, July 4 (a. m. and p. m.), 5, 
Aug. 28, 29, 30; Toronto, May 19, 20, 21, June 23, 24, 

25, July 28, 29, 30, Sept. 18, 19, 20. . 

Games Played in Toronto. —With Detroit, May i, 2, 

3, 26, 27, 28, July I (a. m. and p. m.), 2, Aug. 9, 11, 12; Sag¬ 
inaw and Bay City, May 8, 9, 10, June 16, 17, 18, Aug. 5, 
6, 7, Sept. 4, 5, 6; London, May 5, 6, 7, June 2, 3, 4, July 
14, 15, 16, Sept. I, 2, 3; Buffalo, May 23, 24 (a. m. and 
p. M.), June 19, 20, 21, July 21, 22, 23, Aug. 28, 29, 30; 
Hamilton, June 12, 13, 14, July 10, ii, 12, Aug. 14, 15, 
16, Sept. 25, 26, 27. 




WESTERN ASSOCIATION. 


57 


THE WESTERN ASSOCIATION. 


The season of 1889 in the Western Association com¬ 
menced May 18th and ended September 30th. The 
record made by the eight clubs follows; 


Rank. 

Clubs. 

Omaha. 

St. Paul. 

) 

Min’apolis. | 

Sioux City. 

Milwaukee, j 

Denver. 

St. Joseph. 

Des Moines, j 

Won. 1 

Per Cent. 

1 

Omaha. 


11 

11 

14 

10 

12 

13 

12 

83 

685 

2 

St. Paul. 

7 


8 

11 

11 

10 

13 

14 

74 

616 

3 

Minneapolis. 

6 

16 

» . 

9 

11 

12 

10 

8 

66 

540 

4 

Sioux City. 

4 

7 

8 

• • • . 

10 

10 

8 

12 

59 

.508 

5 

Milwaukee. 

7 

6 

7 

7 


7 

9 

13 

56 

.470 

G 

Denver . 

6 

6 

6 

8 

16 


7 

9 

52 

433 

*7 

St. Joseph . 

3 

3 

7 

6 

7 

8 

.... 

8 

42 

.392 

8 

Des Moines.. 

5 

3 

9 

6 

4 

9 

5 

.... 

41 

350 


Lost. 

38 

46 

5t> 

61 

63 

68. 

65 

76 




* The St. Josephs dropped out just at the close of the season, and 
had finished all but three games with Des Moines. 


INDIVIDUAL BATTING RECORD. 

Here are the official batting averages of the ninety 
players of the Western Association; 


Rank. 

Players. 

\ 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 
Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Aver.aj'e 
Base Hits. 

1 

Earl. 

Milwaukee. 

28 

121 

25 

46 

4 

.380 

2 

Hudson. 

Minneapolis. 

32 

129 

47 

46 

6 

.357 

s 

dine. 

Sioux City. 

ITS 

449 

166 

160 

90 

.356 

4 

Reilly . 

St. Paul. 

120 

505 

141 

179 

46 

.354 

5 

Crooks . 

Omaha. 

111 

433 

197 

149 

93 

.344 

6 

Werrick . 

St. Paul . 

119 

483 

124 

1 

39 

.341 

7 

Piekett. 

St. Paul. 

28 

126 

31 

' 42 

15 

.333 

s 

Dalrymple. .. 

Denver. 

118 

523" 

142 

173 

54 

.331 

9 

Kreisr. 

St. Joseph. 

106 

436 

88 

142 

17 

.326 


(Treadway. 

St. PaulandDenv. 

121 

459 

108 

149 

41 

325 

1(J 

) Devlin. 

Minn, and St. Joe. 

27 

83 

11 

27 

5 

.325 





































































58 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


a 

eS 


Players. 


Pi 


12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

20 

22 

23 

24 

25 

27 

28 

30 

31 

33 

34 

36 

37 

39 

40 

41 

42 


Mains. 

Lowe. 

Cleveland. 

Morrissey. 

Sutton. 

Hawes... 

j Poorman. 

I IMcQuaid .... 

j Cooney. 

I Shock. 

Minn ehan. 

Nagle. 

Carroll. 

( Curtis. 

'( Black. 

Powell. 

J Foster. 

j Smith. 

CartAvright.... 

J Silch. 

I Rowe. 

Farmer. 

j Alberts. 

I McClellan. 

Mahoney. 

( Murphy. 

] Hotahng. 

Miller. 

Glenn. 

Maskrey. 

Jantzen. 


43 

45 

46 

47 

50 

51 

52 

53 

55 

56 

57 

59 


Daly. 

Genins.... 
Brosnan .. 

Mills. 

Kirby .... 
Klusman . 
Phelan ... 
Morrison . 

Dolan.. 

West. 

Tmmer ..., 
McGarr ... 
Canavan.. 
Hart... ... 

Fagan - 

Snuth. 

Hanrahan, 
Broughton, 


Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

St. Paul. 

54 

193 

35 

62 

5 

.321 

Milwaukee. 

97 

410 

72 

129 

25 

.315 

Omaha. 

111 

449 

142 

141 

23 

.314 

Milwaukee. 

119 

511 

119 

160 

25 

.313 

Milwaukee . 

87 

.342 

88 

105 

37 

.307 

St. Paul. 

120 

523 

139 

159 

72 

.304 

Milwaukee. 

109 

475 

138 

144 

97 

.303 

Denver. 

26 

122 

24 

37 

18 

.303 

Omaha. 

106 

494 

113 

137 

56 

.302 

Milwaukee. 

78 

324 

82 

98 

39 

.302 

Minneapolis. 

115 

469 

90 

141 

20 

.301 

Omaha. 

85 

346 

55 

103 

14 

.2^ 

St. Paul. 

117 

481 

152 

142 



St. Jos.and Denver 

111 

444 

102 

130 

50 

.293 

Sioux City. 

39 

150 

22 

44 

12 

.293 

Sioux City. 

115 

463 

95 

135 

40 

.292 

Minneapolis. 

90 

362 

88 

105 

58 

.290 

Denver. 

30 

117 

34 

34 

7 

.290 

St. Joseph. 

106 

411 

101 

118 

54 

.287 

Mil. and Denver.. 

121 

477 

113 

1.36 

83 

'.285 

Denver. 

110 

466 

90 

133 

15 

285 

St. Paul.. 

61 

222 

47 

63 

38 

>284 

Milwaukee. 

118 

417 

82 

118 

69 

.283 

Denver. 

114 

456 

117 

129 

41 

.283 

St. Joseph. 

42 

163 

24 

46 

6 

.282 

St. Paul.. 

119 

506 

132 

142 

69 

.281 

St. Joseph. 

50 

192 

20 

54 

13 

.281 

Minneapolis. 

122 

485 

98 

136 

19 

.280 

Sioux City. 

101 

441 

117 

144 

46 

.277 

Des Moines. 

116 

457 

104 

125 

42 

.274 

Minn, and Mil. 

57 

200 

45 

54 

5 

.270 

Minn, and St. Paul 

114 

469 

89 

126 

19 

.269 

Sioux City. 

117 

475 

94 

128 

48 

.269 

Sioux City. 

118 

492 

81 

1.32 

33 

.268 

IMilwaukee. 

74 

298 

58 

74 

27 

.266 

Mil. and Denver.. 

92 

355 

67 

94 

47 

.265 

Mil. ,D. M. and Den 

70 

279 

51 

74 

20 

.265 

Des Moines. 

65 

279 

44 

74 

40 

.265 

Minn, and Mil. 

40 

140 

30 

37 

5 

.264 

Denver. 

78 

319 

60 

84 

11 

.263 

Minneapolis. 

50 

203 

22 

53 

6 

.261 

Minn, and Denver 

92 

354 

74 

92 

16 

.260 

St. Joseph. 

54 

231 

58 

60 

47 

.260 

Omaha. 

115 

444 

93 

115 

75 

.259 

Des Moines. 

69 

244 

39 

63 

13 

.2.58 

Des Moines & Den. 

68 

226 

■ 42 

58 

10 

.257 

St. Joseph . 

19 

78 

11 

20 

3 

.257 

Minneap*olis. 

St. Paul. 

120 

485 

87 

123 

58 

.254 

100 

393 

57 

100 

8 

.254 







































































































INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


59 


M 

8 

ej 


Players. 


Clubs. 


OQ 

o 

s 

o 


8 

« 4^ 
O Ci 
PCQ 


a 

s 


2 

£ 


c2 


O 

GO 

•S.'S 

«a2 

C3^ 

cc 


4> ” 

fee-- 

gw 

M 

>> » 


61 

62 


63 


67 

68 

69 

70 

71 

72 

73 

74 

77 

78 

79 

80 
81 
82 
83 


84 


88 

89 

91 

92 
9;i 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

101 

102 

104 

105 

106 

107 

108 

J09 


Willis . 

Andrews . 

Strauss . 

Ardner . 

Whitely . 

Hengle . 

Walsh . 

Crossley . 

Whitney. 

Meekin. 

Duke. 

SheUhase. 

Miller. 

White. 

Hin:ley. 

Messitt. 

Dugdale. 

O’Connell. 

Roach.. 

Darnbrough . . . 

KneU. 

Bradley. 

Webber. 

' Burks . 

Shores. 

Smith . 

Chrisman _ __ 

Tuckerman.... 

( Cady. 

1 Clark. 

Crotty. 

Trafldey . 

Mitchell. 

Burdick . 

Wagenhurst . .. 

Kennedy . 

Griffith . 

(Siebel. 

< Macullan . 

(Crowell . 

Nicholl. 

\ Dreschell . 

'( Heilman . 

Timishan . 

McCarty. 

Flood. 

Frye. 

Flanagan. 

Miurhy .. • 


Omaha. 

Omaha. 

Omaha. 

St. Joseph. 

Des Moines... 

Minneapolis. 

Omaha. 

Mil.,Minn.&S. C’y 

St. Joseph. 

St. Paul. 

Minneapolis. 

St. Joseph. 

St. Paul. 

Denver. 

Milwaukee. 

Omaha. 

Minneapolis. 

Des Momes. 

Des Moines. 

Denver. 

St. Jos. & Omaha. 

Sioux City. 

Sioux City. 

SiouxC’y & St. Jos. 

Denver. 

Des Moines. 

JlinneapoUs. 

St. Paul. 

Des Moines. 

Omaha. 

Sioux City. 

Des Moines. 

Minneapolis. 

Sioux City. 

Minn, and St. Paul 

Des Moines. 

Milwaukee. 

Sioux City. 

Des Moines. 

St. Joe and Des M. 

Omaha. 

Minneapolis. 

Sioux City. 

Denver. 

St. Joseph. 

St. Joseph. 

St. Joseph. 

Sioux City. 

Sioux City. 


69 

111 

103 

106 

66 

122 

121 

32 

19 

28 

63 
100 

49 
81 
56 
62 
77 

118 

17 

41 

64 
118 

23 

79 

48 

106 

19 
47 
90 

52 
68 

102 

34 

20 
15 

37 

50 
21 

102 

40 

53 
32 
36 
58 
20 

34 

38 

35 
25 


278 

422 

480 

456 

260 

492 

527 

93 

69 
98 

235 

385 

189 

329 

215 

232 

275 

421 

60 

155 

244 

471 

85 

306 

194 

419 

81 

149 
353 
197 
240 
365 
118 

68 

59 

134 
154 

70 
335 

135 
191 
122 
132 
208 

68 

116 

150 
131 

89 


67 
86 

102 

59 

41 

88 

72 

20 

9 
14 

34 
58 
33 
65 
32 
64 
38 
79 

5 

28 

28 

76 

16 

49 

28 

63 

10 
32 
46 
38 

35 
70 
11 

14 
7 

15 
32 
11 

68 
21 

27 

28 
20 
41 

5 

18 

22 

16 
9 


70 

38 

106 

28 

120 

58 

114 

23 

65 

7 

123 

33 

131 

37 

23 

3 

17 

• • • 

24 

4 

57 

7 

92 

32 

45 

17 

78 

28 

51 

40 

55 

42 

65 

12 

113 

39 

14 

1 

36 

6 

56 

11 

107 

41 

19 

. • • 

69 

11 

43 

8 

93 

14 

18 

22 

as 

7 

77 

6 

43 

7 

52 

20 

79 

28 

25 

3 

14 

3 

12 

13 

27 

2 

31 

4 

14 

• • • 

67 

24 

27 

3 

38 

5 

24 

23 

26 

1 

40 

8 

13 

3 

21 


28 

"4 

24 

• • • 

16 

6 


.252 

.251 

.250 

.250 

.250 

.250 

.249 

.247 

.246 

.245 

.243 

.239 

.2:38 

.237 

.237 

.2:37 

.235 

.235 

.233 

.232 

.230 

.227 

.224 

.222 

.222 

.222 

.222 

.221 

.218 

.218 

.217 

.216 

.208 

.206 

.203 

.202 

.201 

.200 

.200 

.200 

.199 

.197 

.197 

..197 

,192 

.191 

.190 

.187 

.188 










































































































60 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE 


Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Average 

Base Hits(. 

1 

110 

Herr . 

Milwaukee. 

26 

92 

25 

16 

12 

.180 

111 

Davies. 

Milwaukee. 

34 

130 

20 

20 

3 

.174 

112 

Jevne. 

Minn, and Mil. 

34 

112 

13 

17 

11 

.154 

113 

McVey. 

St. Joseph. 

16 

62 

1 

9 


.145 

114 

Alexander. 

Des M. and Mil... 

28 

105 

7 

14 

i 

.133 

115 

McNabb. 

Denver. 

26 

75 

9 

8 

1 

.107 

116 

Emmerke. 

Des Moines. 

17 

56 

6 . 

5 

2 

.080 


THE ATLANTIC ASSOCIATION. 

Worcester won the Atlantic Association pennant of 
1889, as shown by the following table.: 


Clubs. 

1 

Easton. 

1 

Hartford, j 

Jersey-C. 

Lowell. 1 

Newark. 

N. Haven. 

Wilk’b’e. 

Worc’ter.j 

Won. I 

1 

1 

Per Cent. 

1 

Easton. 


2 

2 

1 

1 

4 

0 

0 

10 

378 

Hartford. 

5 


2 

14 

7 

12 

5 

4 

49 

.527 

Jersey City... 

2 

5 

• •. • 

6 

6 

5 

2 

7 

33 

.589 

Lowell. 

4 

3 

3 


4 

9 

3 

5 

31 

.344 

Newark.. 

2 

9 

7 

li 


8 

3 

9 

49 

. 5.57 

New Haven. 

4 

6 

4 

9 

8 


2 

5 

38 

.432 

Wilkesbarre. . 

5 

5 

2 

5 

6 

4 


5 

32 

.40.5 

Worcester. 

4 

14 

3 

13 

7 

8 

5 


54 

.607 

Lost. 

26 

44 

23 

59 

39 

50 

20 

35 

296 



INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


Players. 


Hines . . .. 
Flanagan 
Hamilton 
Beecher , 

Lyons... . 


Clubs. 

02 

02 

S 

0 

Per cent. ! 
of B. Hit.s. 

Stolen 1 1 

Bases. |j 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Runs 

Scored. 

AVilkesbarre.. 

54 

.344 

23 

6 

61 

Wilkesbarre. 

54 

.343 

12 

7 

59 

Lowell. 

86 

.341 

19 

15 

68 

Worcester. 

50 

.329 

19 

18 

49 

Worcester. 

55 

.320 

28 

12 

52 



































































































INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


61 


Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Per cent 

of B. Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Runs 

Scored. 

Dwyer.. 

Lowell. 

81 

.319 

9 

14- 

60 

Shoenink. 

New Haven. 

61 

.316 

15 

13 

22 

Henry . 

Hartford. 

80 

.312 

41 

12 

44 

Lally. 

New Haven. 

76 

.309 

16 

8 

54 

O’Brien, T . 


51 

.309 

33 

9 

52 

Dooms . . 

Newark. 

55 

.305 

10 

9 

36 

Seh'effler. ... . 

Worcester. 

89 

.303 

34 

11 

87 

Pettit. . 

Wilkesbari’e. 

52 

.303 

31 

8 

64 

Irwin . 


51 

.298 

56 

15 

66 

T.yneh, T. 

Hartford. 

81 

.293 

17 

15 

75 

Meister. 

Worcester. 

87 

.290 

52 

21 

79 

Burdock . 

New Haven. 

64 

.286 

24 

19 

44 

Wilson.. . 

Worcester. 

54 

.286 

9 

12 

34 

.Johnson. . 

Newark. 

88 

.282 

47 

14 

85 

McKee. 

New Haven. 

72 

.282 

62 

22 

64 

Day . 

Lowell. 

65 

.273 

66 

9 

57 

Qalligan. 

Ne w Haven. 

65 

.272 

18 

11 

33 

Field"" . 

Newark. 

89 

.269 

51 

32 

66 

Bradley. ... . 

Worcester . 

68 

.269 

15 

11 

55 

Jones . 

Worcester. 

81 

.268 

28 

15 

54 

Knowles .. 

Jersey City. 

56 

.268 

38 

12 

64 

P.nrke, .1 .. 

Lowell. 

71 

.264 

24 

18 

35 

r tampion . 

Worcester. 

88 

.2.58 

67 

16 

79 

Black . 

Wilkesbarre. 

52 

.2.58 

54 

i5 

46 

Ha ves .... . 

Newark. 

62 

.257 

29 

13 

39 

Pooca n ... . 

Newark. 

88 

.251 

50 

14 

82 

Miirnhv. N P. .. . 

Lowell. 

66 

.247 

26 

9 

36 

rrPi'hnrdt. . 

Hartford. 

78 

.245 

24 

20 

49 

Kosf,er .... 

Hartford. 

92 

.241 

27 

18 

59 

Mann . 

Hartford . 

83 

.235 

40 

15 

73 

Onmn'rAn .1 . 

New Haven. 

80 

.235 

20 

20 

38 

ftt.A.l'ZA .... 

Lowell. 

77 

.234 

43 

28 

58 

Porcora.n . 

New Haven. 

65 

.232 

19 

12 

31 

. 

New Haven. . 

88 

.224 

60 

4 

68 

TTilA.nri . 

Jersey City. 

56 

.223 

29 

20 

•55 

Sav ... . 

Hartford. 

88 

.222 

16 

10 

55 

Cud worth. 

Worcester. 

88 

.218 

49 

21 

62 

/Vnnis . 

Hartford. 

84 

.214 

30 

20 

65 

Ma n sel 1 . 

Newark. 

84 

.212 

50 

16 

68 

On Villi .... . ... 

New Haven. 

55 

.212 

34 

6 

43 

SuUivan, J. 

Newark. 

53 

,211 

6 

6 

31 

Donoghue . 

Lowell. . 

68 

.210 

35 

11 

25 

O’Brien .f ... . 

Jersey City. 

53 

.207 

5 

11 

38 

Smith, L. H. 

Newark .. 

89 

.205 

24 

18 

45 

MnOnViA ... .... 

Hartford. 

68 

.204 

11 

12 

28 

T.nncr . 

Worcester. 

84 

.188 

54 

11 

62 

McDermott. . 

Newark. 

64 

.182 

37 

18 

42 





















































































































62 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


THE ATLANTIC ASSOCIATION SCHEDULE. 

The schedule for 1890 of the Atlantic Association 
follows: 

Baltimore Abroad. —At Hartford, May 28, 30 (a. 
M.), 31, July 22, 23, Aug. 16, 18, Sept. 20, 22; at Jersey 
City, May 20, 21, 22, July 17, 18, Aug. 19, 20, Sept. 29, 
30; at Newark, May 3, 5, 6, June 16, 17, July 5, 7, Sept. 
2, 3; at New Haven, May 24, 27, 30 (p. m.), July 15, 16, 
- Aug. 21, 23, Sept. 25, 27; at Washington, June 10, ii, 12, 
July 4 (a. m.), 28, 29, Aug. 9, Sept. 15, 16; at Wilming¬ 
ton, May 7, 8, 9, June 13, 14, July 8, 9, Aug. 27, 28; at 
Worcester, June 2, 3, 4, July 19, 21, Aug. 14, 15, Sept. 
23, 24. 

Hartford Abroad. —At Baltimore, April 23, 24, 25, 
June 25, 26, Aug. 6, 7, Sept. 10, ii; at Jersey City, May 
7, 8, 9, June 13, 14, July 8, 9, Aug. 28, 29; at Newark, 
April 30, May 12, June 27, 28, July 30, 31, Sept. 12, 13; 
at New Haven, May 3, 6, 16, June 16, 17, July 4 (p. m.), 
5, Aug. 26, Sept. I (a. m.); at Washington, April 19, 21, 
22, June 30^ July i, Aug. 4, 5, Sept. 8, 9; at Wilmington, 
April 26, 28, 29, July 2, Aug. i, 2, Sept. 4, 5, 6; at Wor¬ 
cester, June 5, 6, 7, July 26, 28, Aug. 12, 13, Sept. 17, 18. 

Jersey City Abroad. —At Baltimore, April 30, May 
I, 2, July 2, 3, Aug. 4, 5, Sept. 8, 9; at Hartford, May 10, 
13, 14, June 21, 23, July 10, ii, Sept. 2, 3; at Newark, 
April 19, 22, 30 (p. M.), July i, 4 (a. m.), 21, Aug. 2, Sept. 
10, II; at New Haven, June 5, 6, 7, July 26, 28, Aug. 
12, 13, Sept. 17, 18; at Washington, April 26, 28, 29, 





ATLANTIC ASSOCIATION SCHEDULE. (Kj 

June 25, 26, Aug. 6, 7, Sept. 5, 6; at Wilmington, April 
24, 25, June 27, 28, July 30, 31, Sept. 12, 13; at Wor¬ 
cester, May 15, 16, 17, June 19, 20, July 12, 14, Aug. 30, 
Sept. I. 

Newark Abroad. —At Baltimore, May 10, 12, 13, 
June 20, 21, July 10, ii, Aug. 25, 26; at Hartford, May 

24, 26, 27, July 17, 18, Aug. 19, 20, Sept. 29, 30; at 
Jersey City, April 21, May 29, 30 (a. m.), July 4 (p. m.), 
19, Aug. 14, 15, Sept. 20, 22; at New Haven, May 30, 
June 3, 4, July 22, 23, Aug. 16, 18, Sept. 23, 24; at 
Washington, May 15, 16, 17, June 18, 19, July 12, Aug. 
27, 28, 29; at Washington, June 10, ii, 12, July 28, 29, 
Aug. II, 12, Sept. 15, 16; at Worcester, May 20, 21, 22, 
July 15, 16, Aug. 21, 23, Sept. 25, 27. 

New Haven Abroad. —At Baltimore, April 19, 21, 
22, June 30, July i, Aug. i, 2, Sept. 12, 13; at Hartford, 
May 5, 15, 17, June 18, 20, July 4 (a. m.), 12, Aug. 30, 
Sept. I (p. M.); at Jersey City, June 10, ii, 12, July 24, 

25, Aug. 8, 9, Sept. 15, 16; at Newark, April 26, 28, 29, 
July 2, 3, Aug. 6, 7, Sept. 5, 6; at Washington, April 23, 
24, 25, June 27, 28, July 30, 31, Sept. 10, ii; at Wil¬ 
mington, April 30, May 12, June 25, 26, Aug. 4, 5, Sept. 
8, 9; at Worcester, May 10, 12, 13, June 21, 23, July 10, 
II, Sept. 3, 4. 

Washington Abroad. —At Baltimore, June 6, 7, July 
4 (p. M.), 25, 26, Aug. II, 12, Sept. 17, 18; at Hartford, 
May 23, June 3, 4, July 15, 16, Aug. 21, 23, Sept. 25, 27; 
at Jersey City, May 24, 27, 28, July 22, 23, Aug. 16, 18, 


64 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


Sept. 23, 24; at Newark, May 7, 8, 9, June 13, 14, July 
8, 9, Aug. 30, Sept, i; at New Haven, May 20, 21, 22, 
July 19, 21, Aug. 14, 15, Sept. 20, 22; at Wilmington, 
May 3, 5, 6, June 16, 17, July 5, 7, Aug. 25, 26; at Wor¬ 
cester, May 30 (a. m. and p. m.), 31, July 17, 18, Aug. 
19, 20, Sept, 29, 30. 

Wilmington Abroad, —At Baltimore, May 15, 16, 17, 
June 18, 19, July 12, 14, Aug. 30, Sept, i; at Hartford, 
May 20, 21, 30 (p. M.), July 19, 21, Aug. 14, 15, Sept. 23, 24; 
at Jersey City, May 31, June 3, 4, July 15, 16, Aug. 21, 
23, Sept. 25, 27; at Newark, June 5, 7, 9, July 25, 26, 
Aug. 8, 9, Sept. 17, 18; at New Haven, May 28, 29, 30 
(a, m.), July 17, 18, Aug. 19, 20, Sept. 29, 30; at Wash¬ 
ington, May 10, 13, 14, June 21, 23, July 10, ii,Sept. 23; 
at Worcester, May 23, 24, 27, July -22, 23, Aug. 16, 18, 
Sept. 20, 22. 

Worcester Abroad.—A t Baltimore, April 26, 28, 29, 
June 27, 28, July 30, 31, Sept. 5, 6; at Hartford, June 
10, II, 12, July 24, 25, Aug. 9, II, Sept. 15, 16; at 
Jersey City, May 3, 5, 6, June 16, 17, July 5, 7, Aug. 26, 
27; at Newark, April 23, 24, 25, June 25, 26, Aug. 4, 5, 
Sept. 8, 9; at New Haven, May 7, 8, 9, June 13, 14, 
July 8, 9, Aug. 28, 29; at Washington, April 30, May 12, 
July 23, Aug. 12, Sept. 12, 13; at Wilmington, April 19, 
21, 22, July 4 (a. m. and p. m.), Aug. 6, 7, Sept. 10, ii. 

THE TRI-STATE LEAGUE. 

April 30th opened, and September 14th closed, the 
season of i'889 in the Tri-State League, August 27th, 



65 


iNDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


the Hamilton club disbanded, but finished the season on 
the cobperative plan. The record: 


Clubs. 

• 

Canton. 

Mansfield. 

Springfield. 

Dayton. 

Hamilton. 

Wheeling. 

Won. 

Per Cent. || 

Canton. 


11 

13 

11 

15 

17 

67 

.644 

IMansfleld. 

11 


11 

13 

10 

14 

59 

.kl 

Springfield. 

9 

ii 

• • • ■ 

13 

11 

11 

55 

.534 

Dayton. 

8 

9 

8 

• • • 

9 

14 

48 

.470 

Hamilton. 

5 

12 

5 

8 

• • • • 

11 

41 

.890 

Wheeling. 

4 

7 

11 

9 

10 

..... 

41 

.311 

, Lost. 

37 

50 

48 

54 

55 

67 

311 



INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


Pi 


1 

2 

3 

4 


G 

8 

9 

11 

12 

13 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

22 

24 

25 


Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Rims. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

0)2 

6 c* 

gw 

00 
<1 eg 

O’Connor.... 

Springfield. 

20 

72 

32 

29 

4 

26 

.402 

Rvn 

Canton. 

102 

419 

116 

150 

25 

77 

.358 

DoIa 

Mansfield. 

30 

115 

22 

39 

7 

3 

.339 

Williams .... 

Hamilton, Wheeling. 

81 

332 

75 

106 

13 

14 

.319 

Nichols.. .. 

Wheeling. 

31 

132 

36 

42 

2 

22 

.317 

]y[illAr 

Canton. 

101 

446 

129 

139 

24 

76 

.312 

Diinn . 

Wheeling... . 

91 

385 

80 

120 

8 

24 

.312 

O’Brien. 

MansfielH. 

85 

339 

76 

104 

21 

48 

.307 


Mansfield. - 

107 

455 

97 

138 

25 

76 

.303 

... 

Fitzsimmons 

Mansfield. 

92 

366 

74 

111 

17 

21 

.303 


Hamilton. 

84 

345 

77 

103 

9 

50 

.299 

Van Alstine . 

Springfield. 

107 

448 

89 

133 

34 

34 

.297 

Stephens .... 

Dayton. 

99 

385 

77 

110 

20 

29 

.295 


Hamilton. 

54 

204 

32 

60 

10 

10 

.295 

St.An K a1 ....... 

Springfield. 

103 

444 

121 

130 

20 

81 

.293 

'nillnn 

Hamilton. 

38 

151 

26 

45 

7 

11 

.291 

Haller .... 

Wheeling. 

46 

180 

25 

53 

7 

11 

.290 

pi rd . 

Mansfield.. 

94 

381 

76 

110 

13 

56 

.289 

MnncrAr , 

Da.yt.on. 

43 

129 

31 

37 

7 

16 

.287 

SnAinAl 

WhAoling. 

102 

459 

75 

128 

31 

12 

.282 

Burchard.... 

MansflelH. 

41 

131 

28 

37 

11 

8 

.282 

Chrisman.... 

Dayton. 

94 

394 

71 

110 

23 

26 

.280 

Dr>yjA. 

Canton. 

80 

368 

89 

103 

8 

81 

.280 

A lcr»t. 

Mansfield. 

108 

386 

70 

102 

25 

25 

.278 

Riley. 

Canton. 

28 

94 

11 

27 

3 

9 

.277 


5 






















































































66 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


4»S 

(3 

d 

Pi 


Players. 


26 

27 

28 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 
38 
40 

42 

44 

45 

47 

48 

51 

52 

53 

54 

55 


57 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 

66 

67 

68 

69 

71 

73 

74 


Berger . 

Prescott. 

j Bowman . 

I Flanagan. ... 

Carey. 

Hobrecht. ... 

Lersch . 

Parks . 

Higgins. 

Shai'p . 

j Niles. 

] Meehan . 

j Randall . 

i Easton. 

j Carr. 

I Smith . 

J Ryan. 

I Westlake, G. 

McQuirk . 

j Brewer . 

j Staib. 

Kennedj’^ . 

(Gans. 

-I Fogarty. 

(Lawless . 

Shoup . 

Wilson. 

Zecher.... .. 

Delaney . 

j McAlleny.. . . 

I Darrah. 

i Somers . 

< O’Rourke.. . . 

(Zimmer . 

Whitrock .... 

Harris ... _ 

Morrison. .!.. 

De Wald . 

( White . 

i Borland . . ... 

Shamus. 

Little. 

Westlake, R . 
j Wetterer .... 

I McCullom. .. 

j Dallas. 

1 Miller. 

Myers. 

Blandy. 


Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

Average 

Base Hits, 

Canton. 

77 

315 

66 

87 

16 

48 

.276 

Dayton. 

83 

334 

63 

92 

16 

49 

.275 

Wheeling. 

77 

325 

48 

88 

11 

19 

.271 

Hamilton, Dayton.... 

43 

173 

22 

47 

6 

12 

.271 

Mansfield . 

83 

348 

81 

94 

19 

35 

.270 

Wheeling . 

105 

422 

63 

113 

14 

44 

.268 

Springfield. 

38 

146 

37 

39 

6 

16 

.267 

Mansfield . 

108 

434 

66 

114 

22 

21 

.263 

Hamilton. 

77 

329 

59 

86 

9 

22 

.261 

Canton. . . 

99 

392 

99 

102 

20 

83 

.260 

Hamilton, Dayton.... 

108 

395 

57 

102 

10 

36 

.258 

Wheeling . 

89 

151 

21 

39 

5 

4 

.258 

Dayton. 

102 

400 

82 

103 

13 

51 

.257 

Springfield. 

79 

327 

67 

84 

15 

41 

.257 

Hamilton. . 

20 

75 

13 

19 

1 

13 

.253 

Mansfield . 

87 

356 

58 

90 

20 

31 

.253 

Hamilton, Wheeling.. 

84 

362 

57 

89 

18 

42 

.246 

Springfield. 

97 

422 

93 

104 

3G 

76 

.246 

Springfield. 

Hamilton. 

21 

90 

31 

90 

6 

14 

.244 

26 

99 

5 

24 

4 

10 

.243 

Canton, Springfield... 

62 

247 

35 

61 

15 

20 

.243 

Wheeling. 

35 

124 

18 

30 

5 

10 

.242 

Dayton. 

46 

201 

31 

49 

9 

12 

.241 

Dayton. 

21 

87 

28 

21 

7 

16 

.241 

Springfield, Canton .. 
Hamilton.. 

32 

90 

116 

265 

20 

62 

28 

87 

4 

24 

6 

71 

.241 

238 

Mansfield.. 

20 

80 

20 

19 

2 

17 

.237 

Canton.. 

99 

394 

52 

93 

22 

25 

.236 

Canton . 

93 

346 

84 

81 

14 

55 

.234 

Davton. 

46 

189 

35 

48 

14 

15 

.2.33 

Mansfield, Springfield 

80 

351 

66 

82 

30 

34 

.233 

Springfield. 

102 

438 

72 

101 

26 

46 

.231 

Wheeling. 

63 

268 

53 

62 

9 

21 

.231 

VTieeling. 

82 

422 

41 

71 

19 

23 

.231 

Springfield. 

45 

166 

24 

38 

8 

9 

.220 

Canton, Ham., Spring. 

93 

345 

51 

78 

11 

23 

.226 

Mansfield . 

43 

151 

18 

34 

14 

5 

.225 

Dayton. 

47 

170 

30 

38 

9 

20 

.224 

Hamilton . 

106 

436 

75 

98 

18 

53 

.220 

Dayton, Springfield .. 

44 

177 

25 

39 

18 

12 

.220 

Canton, Wheeling ... 

44 

151 

35 

33 

5 

12 

.219 

Springfield.. 

43 

177 

25 

38 

12 

5 

.215 

Springfield. 

Hamilton. 

78 

66 

331 

250 

52 

28 

71 

53 

25 

13 

17 

19 

.214 

.212 

Dayton. 

34 

137 

27 

29 

7 

19 

.212 

WheePg, Dayton,Can. 

51 

189 

26 

40 

3 

12 

.211 

Wheeling. .*. 

.50 

194 

32 

41 

7 

12 

.211 

Wheeling. 

21 

74 

9 

15 

5 

4 

.203 

Hamilton . 

20 

74 

7 

15 

4 

4 

.202 


































































































INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 6? 


Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

1 Base Hits. 

1 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

75 

Reedei*. 

Mansfield. 

20 

80 

16 

16 

9 

6 

200 

76 

Conover . ... 

Springfield. 

27 

103 

19 

20 

11 

7 

.ik 

77 

Green . 

Dayton, Wheerg,Can. 

63 

241 

51 

45 

12 

18 

.187 

78 

Williams .,. 

Dayton. . 

71 

391 

57 

70 

13 

62 

.179 

79 

Allen'........ 

Hamilton. 

35 

122 

14 

21 

2 

2 

.172 

80 

Thomas. 

Dayton... 

43 

173 

11 

29 

5 

14 

.108 

81 

Ulonroe. 

Canton . 

44 

132 

16 

22 

7 

2 

167 

82 

Browner. ... 

Hamilton . .. .. 

36 

128 

li 

20 

3 

4 

.156 

83 

Lyons. 

Dayton, Spr’g, Ham’n 

94 

364 

39 

56 

20 

28 

.154 

84 

Lemmons . 

Dayton. ^ . 

23 

81 

15 

12 

9 

9 

.148 

85 

Hograve ... 

Hamilton . 

20 

65 

7 

9 

0 

8 

.138 

86 

Hyainger— 

Wheeling. 

20 

71 

7 

6 

7 

3 

.084 


THE NEW YORK STATE LEAGUE. 

The New York State League, for the season of 1889, 
was composed, at the beginning, of six clubs, but Oneida 
dropped out on July 12th, and Seneca Falls disbanded 
on August 19th, leaving only four clubs to finish the 
season. The club record and individual batting aver¬ 
ages are here given: 


Rank. || 

Clubs. 

Auburn. | 

1 

Elmira. 

Canand’a. 

Utica. 

Seneca F’lls 

Oneida. 

Won. 

Per Cent. 

1 

Aiihnrn. . 


5 

8 

6 

8 

5 

32 

.627 

2 

Elmira. : . 

7 


5 

7 

7 

4 

30 

.588 

3 

Canandaigua. .. 

4 

7 

.... 

7 

6 

3 

27 

.529 

4 

Utica.. 

6 

5 

4 

. • • • 

5 

2 

22 

440 

5 

Seneca FaUs. 

2 

3 

5 

5 

• • • . 

3 

18 

.391 

6 

Oneida. 

0 

1 

2 

3 

2 

... 

8 

.320 


Lost. 

19 

21 

24 

28 

28 

17 
































































68 


universal base-bAll guide. 

INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES, 


d 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 
9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 
21 
22 

23 

25 

26 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 


34 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

43 

44 

46 

47 


Players. 


Taylor. 

Phalen. 

Kennedy. 

Halligan. 

Knox. 

Connor. 

Doyle. 

Goodall. 

Walsh. 

Petrie. 

Murphy. 

Roche. 

Mooney. 

Weidman. 

Ryan. 

May. 

Shugarts. 

Keay. 

McHale. 

Goodryder. 

Fee. 

Kenney.. 

j Shinnick. 

I Agan. 

Quirk. 

J Creegan. 

1 Brill. 

Begy. 

McGuckin, Joe ... 

Coakley . 

Urquhart. 

Pitz. 

Burns.. 

j Allen. 

(Foulkrod. 

Thompson. 

Doyle. 

Weber. 

Stephens. 

Clare. 

j Stone. 

I Jones. 

Gallagher. 

j McGuckin, John.. 

(McDermott. 

Barrett. 

Scott. 


Clubs. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

Ehnira. 

37 

154 

39 

58 

12 

.370 

Auburn. 

55 

250 

68 

92 

18 

.368 

Canandaigua. 

42 

189 

41 

68 

2 

.8.59 

Canandaigua. 

49 

204 

44 

72 

13 

.353 

Canandaigua. 

45 

193 

57 

66 

11 

.342 

Canandaigua . 

44 

200 

50 

67 

5 

.335 

Auburn. 

39 

168 

37 

56 

5 

.333 

Elmira. 

23 

85 

17 

28 

3 

.329 

Seneca Falls. 

15 

62 

13 

20 

3 

.323 

Oneida . 

,28 

118 

24 

37 

2 

.314 

Oneida. 

10 

32 

6 

10 

1 

.312 

Auburn.. 

49 

167 

38 

52 

6 

.311 

Utica. 

56 

221 

49 

66 

6 

.299 

Canandaigua. 

27 

121 

19 

36 

6 

.298 

Auburn. 

46 

199 

44 

59 

a 

.297 

Oneida. 

31 

135 

25 

40 

5 

.296 

Elmira. 

52 

237 

55 

70 

15 

.295 

Auburn. 

55 

245 

70 

72 

14 

.294 

Canandaigua. 

40 

198 

37 

58 

7 

.293 

Seneca Falls .. . 

50 

202 

42 

50 

9 

.292 

Canandaigua. 

29 

110 

21 

32 

4 

,291 

Canandaigua. 

49 

207 

56 

60 

10 

.290 

Auburn. 

53 

235 

66 

67 

9 

.2a5 

Seneca Falls. 

29 

116 

20 

33 

4 

.285 

Elmira. 

48 

201 

29 

42 

18 

.281 

Seneca Falls. 

52 

240 

42 

66 

14 

.275 

Elmira. 

40 

160 

28 

44 

9 

.275 

Utica_. 

55 

245 

44 

66 

6 

.269 

Elmii’a ... . 

61 

221 

52 

59 

7 

.267 

Oneida . 

36 

140 

32 

37 

3 

.264 

Seneca Falls . 

48 

183 

26 

48 

7 

.262 

Elmira. 

51 

198 

43 

50 

9 

.253 

Elmira. 

31 

134 

20 

33 

15 

.249 

Utica. 

26 

105 

22 

26 

4 

.248 

Utica. 

26 

109 

18 

27 

3 

.248 

Caoandaigua. 

31 

130 

24 

32 

5 

.246 

Seneca Falls. 

47 

200 

31 

49 

9 

.245 

Utica. 

53 

197 

29 

48 

10 

.244 

Elmira. 

49 

217 

39 

52 

7 

.240 

Auburn. 

47 

189 

59 

45 

8 

.238 

Utica. 

56 

232 

41 

53 

13 

.233 

Oneida. 

31 

116 

18 

27 

5 

.233 

Seneca Falls. 

31 

113 

20 

26 

2 

.230 

Elmira.... 

41 

166 

15 

38 

9 

.229 

Auburn. 

48 

179 

40 

41 

3 

.229 

Auburn. 

12 

44 

8 

10 

1 

.227 

Utica. 

56 

201 

36 

45 

6 

.224 














































































































THE MICHIGAN STATE LEAGUE. 


69 


Rank. 

Players. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

1 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Avera{?e 

Base Hits. 

48 


Flynn. 

Utica. 

40 

148 

26 

33 

6 

.223 

49 


Esniack. 

Seneca Falls. 

29 

117 

14 

26 

10 

.222 

50 


Latham. 

Oneida. 

36 

140 

14 

31 

9 

.221 

51 


Fournier. 

Utica. 

23 

78 

17 

17 

5 

.218 

52 


RiiHdp.rhfl.m 

Aiihnm. 

51 

206 

43 

44 

4 

.217 

( An.«!All. . 

Oneida. 

10 

56 

4 

12 

3 

.214 

53 


Cole. 

Seneca Falls. 

35 

126 

13 

27 

9 

.214 

55 


f.ittle. 

Seneca Falls •.. 

15 

61 

9 

13 

4 

.213 

56 


Cain. 

Utica. 

38 

150 

22 

33 

9 

.210 


Rpfl.rflnn 

Seneca, Falls . 

39 

157 

25 

30 

7 

.200 

57 

i 

Shearon . 

Elmira... 

17 

60 

8 

12 

4 

.200 



Riirns? .... 

Auburn. 

29 

111 

30 

22 

4 

.198 

59 

■ 

Rrniithers. 

Oneida . 

34 

121 

16 

24 

3 

.198 



Rra.ha.n . 

Elmira. 

20 

71 

14 

13 

3 

.ISS 

61 

1 

Bishop. 

Utica..' . 

27 

93 

15 

17 

1 

.183 

63 


Dolan . 

Seneca Falls. 

11 

44 

4 

8 

4 

.182 

64 


Moore.. 

Seneca Falls . 

19 

116 

16 

21 

2 

.181 

65 


Ca.se . 

Oneida. 

19 

79 

8 

14 

1 

.177 

66 


Wetzel. 

Seneca Falls. 

21 

80 

11 

13 

3 

.165 

67 


Oreen. 

Utica. 

25 

96 

12 

15 

5 

.156 

68 


Dozen dorf . 

Oneida. 

11 

34 

4 

5 

1 

.147 

69 


Alfonson . 

Oneida. 

31 

124 

13 

18 

2 

.145 

70 


Glea.son. 

Canandaigua. 

23 

90 

20 

13 

6 

.133 

71 


Sheehan .... 

Auburn. 

12 

49 

4 

6 

2 

.121 

72 


SulUvan. 

Canandaigua. . . 

16 

52 

7 

6 

4 

.115 


THE MICHIGAN STATE LEAGUE. 


This organization began its season May 
closed September 17th. The record: 


Jackson. 

Won. 

....60 

Lost. PerCt. 
38 .612 

Greenville. .. 

Won. 

.42 

Saginaw. 

...59 

38 

.608 

Lansing. 

. 41 

Grand Rapids.. 

....54 

45 

.545 

Flint. 



13th and 


Lost. Per Cl. 

56 A2d 

58 .414 

17 .261 


THE MICHIGAN STATE LEAGUE SCHEDULE. 

The schedule for 1890 adopted by the Michigan 
State League is as follows. 

Games Played at Grand Rapids. —With Muskegon, 
June 4, 5, 6, July ii, 12, Aug. 7, 8, Sept. 12, 13, 14; 








































































70 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


Manistee, June 7, 8, 10, 18, 19, July 20, 21, Aug. 20, 21, 
22; Lansing, May 10, ii, 12, July 2, 3, 25, 26, Aug. 27, 

28, 29; Flint, May 13, 14, 15, July 4,4, 27, 28, Sept. 2, 

3, 4; Port Huron, May 16, 17, 18, July 5, 6, 29, 30, Aug. 
30, 31, Sept. I. 

Games Played at Muskegon. —With Grand Rapids, 
June 14, 15, 17, 29, 30, July 31, Aug. i. Sept. 5, 6, 7; 
Manistee, June ii, 12, 13, 20, 21, July 23, 24, Aug. 23, 
24, 25; Lansing, May 16, 17, 18, July 5, 6, 29, 30, Aug. 

30, 31, Sept, i; Flint, May 10, ii, 12, July 2, 3, 25, 26, 

Aug. 27, 28, 29; Port Huron, May 13, 14, 15, July 4, 4, 

27, 28, Sept. 2, 3, 4. 

Games Played at Manistee. —With Grand Rapids, 
May 19, 20, 21, July 7, 8, Aug. 2, 3, Sept. 9, 10, ii; Mus¬ 
kegon, May 23, 24, 25, July 9, 10, Aug. 5, 6, Sept. 15, 
16, 17; Lansing, May 13, 14, 15^ July 4, 4, 27, 28, Sept. 
2, 3, 4; P'lint, May 16, 17, 18, July 5, 6, 29, 30, Aug. 30, 

31, Sept, i; Port Huron, May 10, ii, 12, July 2, 3, 25, 
26, Aug. 27, 28, 29. 

Games Played at Lansing. —With Grand Rapids, 
May 20, 27, 28, June 23, 24, July 14, 15, Aug. 9, ii, 12; 
Muskegon, May 31, June 2, 3, 27, 28, July 18, 19, Aug. 
16, 18, 19; Manistee, May 29, 30, 31, June 25, 26, July 
16, 17, Aug. 13, 14, 15; Flint, May 22, 23, 24, July ii, 

12, Aug. 7, 8, Sept. 16, 17, 18; Port Huron, June ii, 12, 

13, July I, 3 L Aug. I, Sept. 5, 6, 8. 

Games Played at Flint. —With Grand Rapids, May 
29 » 30. 3 o» June 25, 26, July 16, 17, Aug. 13, 14, 15; Mus- 


CENTRAL INTER-STATE LEAGUE. 


71 


kegon, May 26, 27, 28, June 23, 24, July 14, 15, Aug. 9, 
II, 12; Manistee, May 31, June 2, 3, 27, 28, July 18, 19, 
Aug. 16, 18, 19; Lansing, June 14, 16, 17, 20, 21, July 
25, 26; Port Huron, May 19, 20, 21, July 7, 8, Aug. 
2, 4, Sept. 9, 10, 11. 

Games Played at Port Huron. —With Grand Rap¬ 
ids, May 31, June 2, 3, 27, 28, July 18, 19, Aug. 16, 18, 
19; Muskegon, May 29, 30, 30, June 25, 26, July 16, 17, 
Aug. 13, 14, 15; Manistee, May 26, 27, 28, June 23, 24, 
July 14, 15, Aug. 9, II, 12; Lansing, June 4, 5, 6, July 
9, 10, Aug. 5, 6, Sept. 12, 13, 15; Flint, June 7, 9, 10, 19, 
19, July 21, 22, Aug. 20, 21, 22. 


CENTRAL INTER-STATE LEAGUE. 

The Central Inter-State League season of 1889 began 
April 27th and closed September 27th. Davenport dis¬ 
banded just before the season ended, and the pennant 
was awarded to Springfield. The record: 


Clubs. 

Davenport. 

Springfield. 

Quincy. 

Peoria. 

Evansville. 

Burlington. 

Won. 

Per Cent. 

'nn.vAnnnrf, . 


12 

7 

13 

14 

11 

57 

.559 

Springfield .. 

Quincy. 

Peoria. 

10 

12 

13 

16 

11 

62 

.544 

9 

i2 

.... 

12 

10 

16 

59 

.532 

10 

8 

12 

.... 

12 

13 

55 

.478 

Evansville .... 

10 

8 

14 

12 

... 

10 

54 

.454 

Burlington. 

6 

12 

7 

10 

13 

.... 

48 

.440 

Lost.. 

45 

52 

52 

60 

65 

61 

335 





























72 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE, 


THE CALIFORNIA LEAGUE. 

The Standing of the four clubs in the California. 
League, at the close of the season of 1889, was as fol¬ 
lows: 


Clubs. 

V 

Won. 

Lost. 

Played. 

Per Ct. 

Oakland. 

56 

38 

94 

.595 

San Francisco. 

55 

39 

94 

.585 

Stockton. 

42 

50 

92 

. 4n6 

Sacramento. 

33 

59 

92 

.358 



INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


Rank. 

Players. 

« •. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

1 

Sweeney, P. 


15 

68 

17 

27 

5 

.403 

2 

Hardie. 


94 

416 

110 

152 

31 

.365 

3 

Dailey. 


92 

413 

94 

133 

30 

.322 

4 

Stockwell.. 


89 

338 

82 

117 

18 

.301 

K 

( Veach. 


84 

334 

50 

100 

14 

.290 


) Burke. 


40 

157 

39 

47 

4 

.299 

7 

Hanley. 


86 

362 

109 

107 

17 

.295 

8 

Howard . 


81 

329 

73 

94 

10 

.285 

9 

Dooley . 


83 

3;38 

72 

96 

14 

.284 

10 

Sylvester. 


31 

124 

32 

35 

4 

282 

11 

Smalley. 


76 

329 

71 

91 

24 

.276 

12 

Sweeney, C. 


88 

346 

57 

95 

14 

.274 

13 

Goodenough. 


84 

358 

87 

98 

17 

.273 

14 

Perrier. 


94 

396 

77 

107 

20 

.270 

15 

McSorley. 


69 

304 

36 

82 

18 

.269 

16 

<1 Shea. .. 


82 

385 

81 

103 

9 

267 

1 Ebright. 


55 

228 

42 

61 

13 

.267 


i Hurley. 


26 

98 

12 

26 

9 

.265 


] De Pangher. 


19 

64 

5 

17 

2 

.265 

20 

Clark. 


15 

. 68 

11 

18 

4 

.264 

21 

Levy. 


93 

433 

93 

113 

20 

.260 

22 

O’Neill. 


93 

411 

103 

106 

18 

.257 

23 

Roxburg.. 


46 

176 

36 

44 

6 

.250 

24 

McDonald. 


93 

382 

64 

95 

23 

.248 

2.5 

\ Power.. 

• 

93 

388 

89 

96 

22 

.247 


1 Newbert. .. 


76 

287 

75 

71 

9 

.247 

27 

Swett. .. 


93 

351 

76 

86 

14 

.245 






























































THE CALIFORNIA LEAGUE, 


73 


Rank 

Players. 

Games. 

Times at 

Bat. 

• 

Runs. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Average 

Base Hits. 

28 

Van Haltren. 

40 

45 

9 

11 

5 

.244 

29 

Buckley. 

63 

256 

50 

61 

10 

.238 

on 

j O’Day. 

75 

256 

60 

69 

8 

.237 

OU 

1 Fudger. 

35 

122 

17 

29 

10 

.237 

00 

\ Whitehead. 

73 

280 

44 

66 

10 

.235 

O'V 

1 Selna. .. 

70 

251 

46 

59 

9 

.235 

34 

Zeigler. 

40 

149 

23 

35 

7 

.2;34 

35 

Stickney. 

64 

248 

58 

57 

20 

.229 

36 

Roberts. 

74 

277 

54 

63 

10 

.227 

37 

Incell_. 

17 

62 

13 

14 

2 

.225 


(Cahill . 

78 

347 

60 

78 

24 

.224 

00 

( Gagus. . . 

41 

156 

28 

35 

5 

.224 

40 

Coughlin. 

53 

207 

31 

46 

7 

.222 


( Krehmeyer. . 

43 

168 

29 

36 

5 

.214 

41 

■j Farrell. 

13 

42 

7 

9 

2 

.214 

43 

Barry. 

28 

108 

15 

23 

3 

.212 

44 

Long. 

94 

391 

116 

82 

16 

.209 

45 

Thompson. . 

19 

72 

16 

15 

3 

.208 


( Smith, H. 

22 

90 

14 

18 

7 

.200 

4o 

} Baker. 

23 

85 

5 

17 

10 

.200 

48 

Stallings . 

35 

154 

30 

30 

8 

.194 

49 

Wilson. 

50 

206 

30 

38 

13 

.184 

50 

Behan —. 

40 

159 

31 

29 

7 

.182 

51 

Hayes. . . 

16 

61 

6 

11 

1 

.180 


j Meegan —. 

47 

175 

28 

31 

8 

.177 

5)6 

1 Wehrle. 

22 

79 

12 

14 

3 

.177 

54 

Doyle. 

11 

40 

10 

7 

2 

.175 

55 

Creamer. 

25 

92 

9 

16 

9 

.173 

56 

Knell. 

14 

50 

2 

8 

1 

.16) 

57 

Harper. 

47 

153 

15 

23 

14 

.150 

58 

Donahue. 

61 

228 

66 

34 

13 

.149 

59 

Fairhurst . 

32 

112 

14 

16 

4 

.142 

60 

Lohman. — 

16 

58 

4 

8 

3 

.137 

61 

McLaughlin. 

31 

123 

18 

16 

10 

.130 

62 

Jevne. 

16 

59 

13 

7 

1 

.118 

63 

Moore. 

28 

91 

10 

10 

5 

.109 

64 

Hapeman. 

10 

37 

4 

3 

7 

.081 


CALIFORNIA LEAGUE PITCHERS’ RECORD. 

The following table gives the record of six pitchers 
in the California State League for the season of 1889. 
Wehrle, of the Oaklands, leads in percentage of victories, 
average of earned runs, and bases on balls and fielding. 


m 


r’ -j r* K ^ 





























































UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


I -1 


Pitchers. 

Clubs. 

Games. 

Victories. | 

1 

1 

Defeats. 

Per Cent, of 

Victories. 

Average of 

Earned Runs 

Average of 

Bases on Balls. 

Average of 

Struck Outs. 

Batting 

Average. 

Fielding 

Average. 

Wehrle.... 

Oakland. 

20 

15 

5 

.750 

1.35 

1.20 

4.20 

.251 

.828 

Clark. 

San Francisco.. 

14 

10 

4 

.714 

1.50 

2.00 

4.00 

.215 

.816 

Coughlan.. 

Oakland. 

47 

32 

15 

.681 

2.02 

2.40 

4.23 

230 

.817 

Meegan ... 

San Francisco.. 

43 

28 

15 

.651 

3.16 

2.58 

3.49 

.261 

.846 

Barry . 

San Francisco.. 

26 

15 

11 

.577 

2.92 

3.34 

1.65 

.238 

.746 

Harper.... 

Stockton . 

39 

21 

18 

.538 

1.92 

4.07 

5 43 

.221 

.664 


THE TRI-COLLEGIATE LEAGUE. 

Here is the record in the Tri-Collegiate League: 


Clubs. 

Yale. 

Princeton. 

Harvard. 

Victories. 

Per Cent, of 

Victories. 

Yale .■ 

Princeton _ 

Harvard .- 



May 18, 12 to 9 
May 22, 13 to 1 
June 15, 6 to 5 

May 25, 15 to 3 
June 20, 4 to 3 

June 22, 7 to 5 

June 25, 8 to 4 
May 4, 11 to 2 
May 30, 7 to 6 

7 

3 

2 

.875 

.375 

.250 

May 8, 14 to 11 



May 11, 9 to 6 

June 1, 4 to 3 





Defeats. 

1 

5 

6 

12 



INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


Players. 


Calhoun . 

Willard . 

Dalzell. 

Brokaw. 

Cushing . 

.McClintock, N 
Purell-- 


Clubs. 

Position. 

Games 
Played. ! 

Batting 

Average. 

Fielding 

Average 

Stolen 

Bases. 

Yale. 

Second Base. 

8 

375 

918 

14 

Harvard... 

First Base. 

8 

;321 

.989 


Yale. 

Center Field. 

8 

305 

.812 

4 

Princeton.. 

Catcher. 

8 

.290 

.977 

4 

Yale. 

Right Field, S. S.,C. F. 

6 

.285 

.777 

6 

Yale. 

Lelt Field. 

8 

275 

944 

11 

Princeton.. 

Center Field. 

8 

.266 

!875 

4 

























































































INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


75 


Players. 

Clubs. 

Stasrer. 

Yale. . 

Watte. 

Princeton .. 

Henshaw . 

Harvard .. 

Evans . 

Harvard. .. 

King. , . 

Princeton.. 

Osborn . 

Princeton.. 

Linn. 

Harvard... 

McBride. 

Yale. 

Payne . 

Princeton.. 

Knickerbocker .... 

Princeton. . 

McClurg. 

Yale. 

Downer.. 

Harvard... 

Corning. 

Harvard. . 

Dana. 

Princeton.. 

Dean. 

Harvard.. . 

Hawley. 

Harvard . . . 

Noyes . 

Yale. 

Poole. 

Yale. 

Howland. 

Harvard... 

Ames. 

Princeton.. 


Position. 

Games 

Played. 

Batting 

Average. 

Fielding 

Average. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

Pitcher. 

8 

.257 

.974 

8 

Third Base, Left Field 

8 

.242 

.750 

6 

Catcher. 

8 

.235 

.900 

1 

Center Field, Left F’ld 

7 

.2.33 

.733 

2 

Right Field, 2d Base 

8 

.232 

.722 

5 

Second Base, R. Field. 

8 

.230 

.860 

1 

Right Field. 

8 

.225 

.888 

3 

First Base. 

8 

.225 

,959 

10 

Left Field. 

7 

.218 

.933 

2 

Short Stop. 

8 

.205 

.727 

3 

Short Stop, Right F'ld 

7 

.181 

.850 

6 

Pitcher. 

7 

.181 

.904 

1 

Short Stop. 

6 

.172 

.787 

3 

First Base. 

8 

.166 

.949 

4 

Second Base. 

8 

.156 

.9.31 

7 

Left Field, Pitcher_ 

6 

.142 

.857 

3 

Third Base. 

8 

.142 

.758 

5 

Catcher. 

8 

.129 

.977 

1 

Third Base. 

8 

.100 

.783 

2 

Pitcher. .. 

5 

.086 

.942 

3 


THE TEXAS LEAGUE. 

The season of 1889, in the Texas League, commenced 
April 7th and closed August 12th. Waco disbanded 
August 4th; Houston, August 9th; and Dallas, August 
nth. The record: 


Clubs. 

Houston. 

Dallas. 

Austin. 

Galveston. 

Fort Worth. 

i 

' Waco. 

Won. 

Played. 

Per Cent. 

TTmiston . 


9 

8 

14 

12 

11 

54 

98 

.551 

Dfl.llflx . . 

8 


15 

9 

9 

5 

49 

91 

.538 

Austin. 

10 

5 


10 

12 

13 

50 

96 

.520 

Galveston. 

8 

11 

8 

. . . 

10 

13 

50 

98 

.510 

Fort Worth. 

8 

11 

7 

11 


8 

45 

96 

.468 

Waco. 

7 

6 

8 

4 

8 

. • • 

33 

83 

..397 

Lost. 

41 

42 

46 

48 

51 

50 


, 
























































































1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

15 

17 

18 

20 

21 

23 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

32 

34 

35 

37 

38 

39 

40 

42 

43 

44 

45 

46 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE 


INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


Playehs. 


Works. 

Sunday . 

Hustun. . . 

Mullaly. 

Motz. 

( Elliff. 

A Fogarty. 

( Welch. 

O’Neill. 

O’Conners. 

Andrews.... 

Crogan. 

i O’Rourke.. 

I Hutchinson. 

iProsser . 

1 Fabian. 

Keinzle. 

j Weikert. 

I Rogers. 

Choquette . 

(Jordan. 

1 Land. 

j Darrow. 

I Welch, P. J. 


Pettiford. 

Joanes. . 

Crothers. 

Levis. 

(Wentz . 

A Rodsmacher. 

( Ellsworth. 

j McVey. 

( Reinagle . 

Bader. 

j Joyce . 

I Guehrer. 

Truby. 

Sherry... 

Hassamaer. 

\ McCloskey. 

I Maurer. 

• Mussey. 

Daime. 

Tobias. 

Hill. 

i Benne. . 

'( Ryan. 


Clubs. 

Games. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

Average- 

Base Hits 

Galveston. 

84 

136 

5 

23 

.372 

Houston. 

84 

109 

11 

37 

..T44 

Galveston. 

19 

23 

3 

14 

.306 

Waco. 

29 

32 

8 

8 

.293 

Fort Worth. 

41 

45 

12 

26 

.292 

Waco. 

28 

28 

4 

18 

.288 

Dallas and Fort Worth ... 

94 

110 

15 

35 

.288 

Dallas .— 

71 

77 

8 

23 

.288 

Waco . 

86 

96 

13 

64 

.286 

Austin. T . 

89 

100 

8 

61 

.284 

Austin. 

87 

90 

7 

29 

.271 

Fort Worth. 

96 

98 

31 

62 

.269 

Galveston.. 

91 

100 

8 

44 

.260 

Austin. 

72 

78 

15 

52 

260 

Galveston. 

38 

39 

4 

23 

.258 

Dallas. 

23 

22 

1 

14 

.258 

Houston and Galveston... 

96 

93 

8 

47 

.257 

Houston. 

69 

58 

12 

19 

.256 

Houston. 

85 

93 

13 

50 

.256 

Waco and Galveston. 

52 

49 

3 

39 

.253 

Dallas. 

82 

85 

6 

75 

.252 

Austin. 

57 

61 

4 

9 

.252 

Fort Worth. 

48 

50 

15 

22 

.251 

Fort Worth. 

99 

97 

21 

51 

.251 

Waco. 

78 

87 

10 

67 

.247 

Waco. 

32 

33 

2 

28 

.244 

Dallas. . 

55 

48 

3 

33 

.243 

Galveston. 

70 

70 

3 

32 

.242 

Galveston. 

93 

93 

6 

45 

.241 

Dallas. 

94 

90 

6 

30 

.241 

Waco. 

81 

80 

10 

27 

.241 

Fort Worth. 

99 

100 

25 

65 

.239 

Dallas. 

64 

58 

8 

17 

.239 

Dallas. 

95 

90 

1 

146 

.237 

Houston. 

85 

73 

11 

85 


Waco. 

10 

9 

0 

3 

.235 

Austin. 

69 

68 

8 

15 

.231 

Houston. 

65 

57 

7 

27 

.230 

Waco. 

45 

40 

Q 

18 

Q28 

Houston. 

73 

67 

11 

36 

.227 

Austin. 

66 

70 

2 

87 

.227 

Austin. 

89 

87 

7 

18 

.223 

Austin.. 

56 

45 

3 

17 

.222 

Austin.. 

89 

77 

2 

46 

.221 

Fort Worth.. 

99 

90 

13 

98 

.219 

Galveston. 

54 

43 

5 

11 

.218 

Austin. 

22 

19 

1 

4 

.218 
















































































































S S 2 S g I R^nk, 


INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 77 


Players. 


87 


( O’Neill. 

( Bright. 

j Firle. 

) McCormack. 

\ Pike- .... 

VTebeau _ 

\ Daniels . 

) Isaccson .... 

Trost . 

Peeples. 

Kittle. 

Cross . 

Godar. 

Creely. 

i Douthett ... 

) Flynn. . 

McNabb . . . 
Lemmons .. 

Bates. 

France . 

Derrick. 

( Rose. 

'( King. 

Bellman .... 

Buchan. 

Bishop. 

Roach . . 

Flaherty_ 

Touhey . 

(Baldwin_ 

} Mallory. . 

McCoy. 

Schell. 

Kane. 

Gagen . 

Barry. 

Curry. 

Fritz.. 

Maloney. 

Rafferty. 


Clubs. 

Games. 

Base Hits. 

Sacrifice 

Hits. 

Stolen 

Bases. 

Averaere 

Base Hits. 

Galveston. 

85 

74 

9 

37 

.216 

Austin. 

34 

26 

3 

3 

.216 

Dallas. 

77 

61 

5 

23 

.212 

Waco and Dallas. 

32 

24 

7 

11 

.212 

Fort Worth. 

81 

61 

16 

59 

.211 

W"aco . 

70 

59 

15 

26 

.211 

Dallas. . . 

53 

40 

3 

17 

.208 

Houston..... . 

88 

66 

14 

20 

.208 

Fort Worth. 

74 

53 

14 

50 

.205 

Houston. 

80 

66 

10 

50 

.204 

Austin. 

43 

33 

4 

14 

.200 

Waco.. 

19 

13 

1 

1 

.196 

Galveston and Dallas. ... 

96 

67 

4 

58 

.194 

Waco. 

31 

23 

7 

14 

.193 

Houston. 

62 

48 

6 

32 

.192 

Galveston. 

59 

44 

5 

25 

.192 

Waco.. 

38 

28 

3 

14 

.191 

Fort Worth. 

79 

61 

8 

31 

.190 

Austin. 

36 

26 

2 

3 

.188 

Fort Worth.. 

28 

18 

6 

5 

.183 

Waco. 

56 

36 

10 

8 

.182 

Waco.. 

85 

60 

11 

30 

.181 

Galveston. 

16 

12 

3 

2 

.181 

Dallas. 

48 

29 

9 

13 

.172 

Waco.. 

18 

11 

2 

16 

.166 

Dallas. 

32 

18 

1 

11 

.163 

Galveston. 

11 

6 

0 

0 

.162 

Houston. 

39 

22 

5 

11 

.160 

Galveston. 

19 

10 

5 

1 

.153 

Houston. 

10 

5 

3 

0 

.147 

Fort tVorth. 

35 

18 

6 

4 

.147 

Houston. 

24 

11 

1 

3 

.142 

Fort Worth. 

49 

22 

6 

15 

.138 

Galveston... 

19 

9 

1 

1 

.134 

Houston. 

17 

7 

2 

5 

.125 

Dallas . .. 

20 

9 

2 

8 

.120 

Galveston. 

23 

8 

0 

6 

.117 

Waco. 

20 

8 

1 

7 

.103 

Dallas. 

23 

8 

2 

2 

.098 

Fort Worth.. 

22 

7 


8 

.093 


TEXAS LEAGUE PITCHING RECORD FOR 1889. 

The record of the Texas League pitching contingent 
for 1889 follows; 
































































































78 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 




Pitchers. 

Clubs. 

Victories. 

Defeats. 

Played. 

Per Cent, of 

Victories. 

Average of 

Earned Runs. 

Average Bat¬ 

tery Errors. 

Average of 

Struck Outs. 

Wp.ika.rt.. 

Houston. 

27 

11 

38 

.711 

2.18 

1.17 

1.20 

McNfl.bh. 

Waco. 

20 

10 

30 

.667 

1.52 

2.32 

8.21 

Crot.hftrs. 

Dallas. 

18 

11 

29 

.621 

2.13 

3.03 

4.02 

BPihnft. 

Galveston. 

19 

11 

31 

.613 

2.12 

3 26 

3.01 

Kittle. 

Austin. 

25 

16 

41 

.610 

2.02 

2.13 

3.12 

Roach. 

Galveston. 

6 

4 

10 

.600 

3 10 

2.05 

3.01 

Gagen. 

Houston .. . 

10 

7 

17 

.588 

2.29 

2.15 

3.01 

Huston. 

Galveston. 

7 

5 

12 

.583 

1.83 

4.02 

5.03 

Maloney... 

Dallas. 

9 

8 

17 

.529 

1.76 

2.07 

7.01 

France*. 

Fort Worth. 

11 

10 

21 

.524 

1.66 

2,08 

6.13 

Schell. 

Fort Worth. 

20 

19 

39 

.513 

1.87 

6.11 

5.07 

Daniels. 

Dallas. 

20 

20 

40 

.500 

1.82 

3.14 

3.21 

Baldwin. 

Houston. 

5 

5 

10 

.500 

3.00 

5.03 

1.05 


THE SANDWICH ISLAND LEAGUE. 

The following are the averages for 1889: 


1 Rank. | 

Clubs. 

Club Batting. 

Club Fielding. 

At Bat. 

1 1 

Runs. 

Base Hits, 

Average. 

Put Out. 

Assists. 

Errors. 

Average. 

1 

Houolulus. 

395 

106 

96 

.243 

246 

188 

54 

.888 

2 

Stars . 

355 

95 

78 

.219 

245 

186 

61 

.876 

3 

Kamehamehas. 

318 

86 

64 

.201 

219 

188 

64 

.864 

4 

Hawaiis. 

323 

82 

60 

.186 

215 

170 

73 

.840 

5 

Kaiulanis . 

287 

39 

42 

112 

213 

153 

115 

.756 


INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


Rank. 

Players. 

1 

Games. i 

Ta 

C 

P 

Average. 

Rank. 

Players. 

Games. 

Runs. 

Average. 

1 

WodehouseCHon.) 

9 

21 

.441 

5 

Hugo. 

4 

1 

..312 

2 

Wilder (Chan.) . . . 

9 

11 

.366 

6 

Friedenberg. 

9 

12 

.279 

3 

Whitney. 

9 

17 

.347 

7 

Spencpir. 

0 

11 

269 

4 

Overend. 

8 

4 

.333 

8 

Kinney . 

4 

7 

.'^3 






































































































INDIVIDUAL BATTING AVERAGES. 


79 


Rank. 

Players. 

Games. 

1 

Runs. 

Average. 

9 

Brunei’ . 

6 

6 

.261 

10 

Perry (Kaiulani) . 

7 

8 

.259 

■M 

J Lane. 

8 

11 

.257 


1 Lawelawe, A .. . . 

8 

8 

.257 

12 

Desha. 

8 

8 

.243 

13 

Luahiwa_ . ... 

6 

8 

.241 

14 

Wodehouse(Stars) 

9 

12 

.238 

15 

Kaia. 

8 

14 

.231 

16 

Baldwin, B. 

9 

14 

.227 

17 

Lucas, G.. 

9 

16 

.224 

18 

Parker. 

9 

6 

.214 

19 

Pahau. 

8 

12 

.212 

20 

Davis. 

8 

12 

.211 

21 

Hoick. 

7 

0 

.208 

99 

J Perry (Stars).... 

9 

11 

.205 


1 Lucas, A. 

9 

10 

.205 


j Dan. 

8 

12 

.200 

23 

< Makaimoku. 

8 

8 

.200 


(Markham. 

3 

3 

.200 

24 

Lawelawe, M. 

8 

7 

.194 

25 

Carter. 

9 

7 

.189 

26 

Pakele. *.. 

8 

6 

.188 


Rank. 

Players. 

Games. 

Runs. 

Average. 

27 

Meek. 

8 

i 

.184 

28 

Winter. 

4 

3 

.177 

29 

Gilliland. 

6 

4 

.174 

30 

Wilder, Chas. 

9 

i 

.163 

31 

Lucas, W. 

9 

6 

.162 


J Rosa. . 

8 

6 

.1.54 

OZ 

) Oat. 

8 

6 

.154 

33 

Morris. 

6 

4 

.148 


J Wise. 

8 

6 

.146 

o4 

1 Crabbe, C. 

7 

3 

.146 

35 

Low. 

8 

5 

.135 

36 

Joseph. 

5 

3 

.132 

37 

Torbert. 

4 

2 

.118 

38 

Naukana. 

7 

3 

.111 

39 

Widdifield. 

8 

3 

.100 

40 

Crowell.. .•. 

3 

1 

.091 

41 

Duke. 

6 

2 

.090 

42 

Thompson. 

5 

2 

.087 

43 

McGuire . 

3 

1 

.077 

44 

Crabbe, H. 

5 

1 

.0.50 

45 

Baldwin, E. 

5 

1 

.048 

46 

Bright. 

3 

0 

.000 
































































80 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUiDE. 




W': 







THE PENNANT WINNERS. 

Beginning with 1869, the following are the profes¬ 
sional teams which have won the championships for the 
years and in the associations mentioned: 

1869 AND 1870— Cincinnati “Reds.” —Allison, c.; 
Brainard, p.; Gould, i-b.; Sweasy, 2-b.; Waterman, 3-b.; 
George Wright, s. s.; Leonard, 1 . f.; H. Wright, c. f.; Cal 
McVey, r. f. 

1871— Athletic. —Malone, c.; McBride, p.; Fisher, 
i-b.; Reach, 2-b.; Myerle, 3-b.; Radcliffe, s. s.; Cuthbert, 

1 . f.; Sensenderfer, c. f.; Huebell, r. f.; Bechtel and Tom 
Pratt, subs. 

1872— Boston. —McVey, c.; Spalding, p,; Gould, i-b.; 
Barnes, 2-b.; Schafer, 3-b.; George Wright, s. s.; Leon¬ 
ard, 1 . f.; Harry Wright, c. f.; F. Rogers, r. f,; Birdsall, 
sub. 

1873— Boston. —White, c.; Spalding, p.; Manning, 
I-b.; Barnes, 2-b.; Schafer, 3-b.; George Wright, s. s.;- 
Leonard, 1 . f.; Harry Wright, c. f.; Sweezy, r. f.; Bird¬ 
sall, sub. 

■ 1874— Boston. —Same team , as in 1873, excepting 
O’Rourke, i-b.; McVey, r. f., and Hall and Bealls, subs. 

1875— Boston. —White, c.; Spalding, p.; McVey, 
I-b.; Barnes, 2-b.; Schafer, 3-b.; George Wright, s. s.; 





THE PENNANT WINNERS. 


81 


Leonard, I f.; O’Rourke, c. f.; Manning, r. f.; Bealls, 

H. Wright, and Heiffer, subs. 

• THE NATIONAL LEAGUE. 

1876— Chicago. —White, c.; Spalding, p.; McVey, 
i-b.; Barnes, 2-b.; Anson, 3-b.; Peters, s. s.; Glenn, 1 . f.; 
Hines, c. f.; Addy, r. f.; Bielaski and Andrus, subs. 

1877— Boston. —Brown, c.; Bond, p,; J. White, i*b.; 
G. Wright, 2-b.; Morrill, 3-b.; Sutton, s. s.; Leonard, 1 . f.; 
O’Rourke, c. f.; Schafer, r. f.; Murnan and W. White, 
subs. 

1878— Providence. —Snyder, c.; Bond, p.; Morrill, 
i-b.; Burdock, 2-b.; Sutton, 3-b.; George Wright, s. s.; 
Leonard, 1 . f.; O’Rourke, c. f.; Manning, r. f.; Schafer, 
sub. 

1879— Providence. —Gross, c.; Ward, p.; Start, i-b.; 
McGeary, 2-b.; Farrell, 3-b.; George Wright, s. s.; York, 

I . f.; Hines, c. f.; O’Rourke, r. f.; Matthews, sub. 

i88o, 1881, 1882— Chicago. —Flint, c.; Corcoran and 
Goldsmith, p.; Anson, i-b.; Quest, 2-b.; Williamson, 3-b.; 
Burns, s. s.; Dalrymple, 1 . f.; Gore, c. f.; Kelly, r. f. 

1883— Boston. —M. Hines and Hackett, c. ; Whitney, 
and Bufhnton, p.; Morrill, i-b.; Burdock, 2-b.; Sutton, 
3-b.; Wise, s. s.; Hornung, 1 . f.; Smith, c. f.; Radford, r. f. 

1884— Providence. —Gilligan and Nava, c.; Sweeney 
and Radbourne, p.; Start, i-b.; Farrell, 2-b.; Denny, 
3-b.; Irwin, s. s.; Carroll, 1 . f.; Hines, c. f.; Radford, r. f. 

0 




82 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


1885— Chicago. —Flint, c.; Kelly, c. and r. f.; Corco¬ 
ran and Clarkson, p.; Anson, i-b.; Pfeifer, 2-b.; Will¬ 
iamson, 3-b.; Burns, s. s.; Dalrymple, 1 . f.; Gore, c. f.; 
Sutcliffe and Jos. Brown, subs. 

1886— Chicago. —Kelly, c. and r. f.; Flint, c.; Moolie, 
c.; Clarkson and McCormick, p.; Anson, i-b.; Pfeffer, 
2-b.; Burns, 3-b.; Williamson, s. s.; Dalrymple, 1 . f.; 
Gore, c. f.; Ryan, Sunday, and Flynn, subs. 

1887— Detroit. —Bennett and Ganzell, c.; Getzein, 
Baldwin, and Conway, p.; Brouthers, i-b.; Dunlap, 2-b.; 
White, 3-b.; Rowe, s. s.; H. Richardson, 1 . f.; Hanlon, 
c. f.; Thompson, r. f.; J. H. Manning and Twitchell, 
subs. 

1888— New York. —Ewing and Brown, c.; Keefe, 
Welch, Titcomb, and Crane, p.; Connor, i-b.; D. Rich¬ 
ardson, 2-b.; A. Whitney, 3-b.; Ward, s. s.; O’Rourke, 
1 . f.; Slattery, c. f.; Tiernan, r. f.; Hatfield, Gore, and 
George, subs. 

1889— New York. —Keefe, Crane, Walsh, p.; Ward, 
s. s.; Brown, Ewing, c.; O’Day, p.; Slattery, c. f.; Tier- 
nan, r. f.; Gore, c. f.; Whitney, 3-b.; Richardson, 2-b.; 
Connor, i-b.; O’Rourke, '!, f. 

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION. 

1882— Cincinnati. —Snyder and Powers, c.; W. White 
and H. McCormick, p.; Stearns, i-b.; McPhee, 2-b.; 
Carpenter, 3-b.; Fulmer, s. s.; Sommer, 1 . f.; McCullar, 
c. f.; Wheeler, r. f.; Luff and Kemmler, subs. 






THE PENNANT WINNERS. 


83 


1883— Athletic.— Rowen and O’Brien, c.; Matthews, 
p.; Corey, p. and 3-b.; Stovey, i-b.; Strieker, 2-b.; Bradley, 
3-b. and p.; Birchall, 1 . f.; Blakiston, c. f.; Knight, r. f.; 
Jones and Crowley, subs. 

1884— Metropolitan.— Holbert and Reipschlager, c.; 
Keefe and Lynch, p.; Orr, i-b.; Crane, 2-b.; Esterbrook, 
3-b.; Nelson, s. s.; Kennedy, 1 . f.; Roseman, c. f.; Brady, r. f. 

1885— St. Louis.— Bushong, Broughton, and D. Sulli¬ 
van, c.; Foutz, Caruthers, and McGinnis, p.; Comiskey, 
I-b.; Robinson, 2-b.; Latham, 3-b.; Gleason, s. s.; 
O’Neill, 1 . f.; Welsh, c. f.; Nicol, r. f. 

1886— St. Louis. —Bushong and Kemmler, c.; Foutz, 
Caruthers, McGinnis, and Hudson, p.; Comiskey, i-b.; 
Robinson, 2-b.; Latham, 3-b.; Gleason, s. s.; O’Neill, 
1 . f.; Welsh, c. f.; Nicol, r. f. 

1887 — St. Louis. —Bushong and Boyle, c.; Foutz, p. 
and r. f.; Caruthers, p. and r. f.; Hudson and King, p.; 
Comiskey, i-b.; Robinson, 2-b.; Latham, 3-b.; Gleason, 
s. s.; O’Neill, 1 . f.; Welsh, c. f.; Sylvester, sub. 

1888— St. Louis. —Boyle and Dolan, c.; King, Hud¬ 
son, Devlin, and Chamberlain, p.; Comiskey, i-b.; Rob¬ 
inson, 2-b. and s. s.; McGarr, 2-b. and s. s.; Herr, s. s.; 
White, s. s.; O’Neill, 1 . f.; Lyons, c. f.; McCarthy, r. f. 

1889— Brooklyn. —Clark, Visner, and Bushong, c.; 
Foutz, I-b.; Collins, 2-b.; Pinckney, 3-b.; Davis, s. s.; 
Smith, s. s.; O’Brien, 1 . f.; Corkhill, c. f.; Burns, r. f.; 
Hughes, Caruthers, Terry, and Lovett, p. 


84 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


THE WORLD’S CHAMPIONS. 

Although the interest in base-ball was very great in 
the early ’80s, it was not until the year 1884 that any 
attempt was made to decide the championship of the world. 
Until that time the winners of the National League and 
the American Association pennants had rested content 
in their positions as champions of their respective 
organizations. In 1884, however, an arrangement was 
made between the Providence club, champions of the 
National League, and the Metropolitan club, champions 
of the American Association, for a series of three games, 
to decide the championship of the world. The games 
were all played on the old polo grounds. New York 
City, October 23d, 24th, and 25th. They resulted as 
follows: 

October 23—Providence, 6; Metropolitan, o. 

October 24—Providence, 3; Metropolitan, i. 

October 25—Providence, 12; Metropolitan, 2. 

In 1885, the Chicago club won the championship of 
the National League, and the St. Louis Browns the cham¬ 
pionship of the American Association. The series was 
for a prize of $1,000, and consisted of seven games. For 
the first and last time, the contest resulted in a tie, each 
team winning three games, and playing one* tie. The 


THE world’s champions. 


85 


$1,000 prize-money was equally divided between the two 
teams. The scores for the seven games follow: 

October 14—St. Louis, at Chicago (8 innings), 5—5. 

October 15—Chicago, at St. Louis (^forfeited), 5—4. 

October 16^—St. Louis, at St. Louis, 7—4. 

October 17—St. Louis, at St. Louis, 3—2. 

October 22—Chicago, at Pittsburg (7 innings), 9—2. 

October 23—Chicago, at Cincinnati, 9—2. 

October 24—St. Louis, at Cincinnati, 13—4. 

The same teams contested for the world’s champion¬ 
ship in 1886. This time the series consisted of six 
games. St. Louis proved the victor. The scores follow: 

October 18—Chicago, at Chicago, 6—o. 

October 19—St. Louis, at Chicago, 12—o. 

October 20—Chicago, at St. Louis, 11—4. 

October 21—St. Louis, at St. Louis, 8—5. 

October 22—St. Louis, at St. Louis, 10—3. 

October 23—St. Louis, at St. Louis, 4—3. 

For the third successive time, St. Louis, in 1887, won 
the association championship. The Detroits were the 
victors in the National League. A series of thirteen 
games was arranged, Detroit winning eight, and thereby 
the championship. Here are the scores: 

October 10—St. Louis, at St. Louis, 6—i. 

October ii—Detroit, at St. Louis, 5—3. 

October 12—Detroit, at St. Louis (13 innings), 2—i. 

October 13—Detroit, at Pittsburg, 8—o. 

October 14—St. Louis, at Brooklyn, 5—2. 

* Captain Comiskey, of the St. Louis Browns, claiming that the 
umpire was purposely giving his team the worst of all decisions, 
ordered his men to leave the field; and the game was awarded to 
Chicago, by the customary score of 9 to o. 






8(> UNIVERSAL Ease-ball guide. 

October 15—Detroit, at New York, 9—o. 

October 17—Detroit, at Philadelphia, 3—i. 

October 18—Detroit, at Boston, 9—2. 

October 19—St. Louis, at Washington, ii—4. 

October 21—Detroit, at Baltimore, 13—3. 

October 22—Detroit, at Detroit, 6—3. 

October 24—Detroit, at Chicago, 4—3. 

October 25—St. Louis, at St. .Louis, 9—2. 

New York came to the front in 1888, and carried off 
the pennant of the National League, St. Louis once more 
capturing the flag of the American Association.. Eleven 
games were played. New York winning six and the 
championship. Scores were: 

October 16—New York, at New York, 2—i. 

October 17—St. Louis, at New York, 3—o. 

October 18—New York, at New York, 4— 2 . 

October 19—New York, at Brooklyn, 6—3. 

October 20—New York, at New York, 6—4. 

October 22—New York, at Philadelphia, 12—5. 

• October 24—St. Louis, at St. Louis, 7—5. 

October 25—New York, at St. Louis, ii—3. 

October 26—St. Louis, at St. Louis, 14—ii. 

October 27—St. Louis, at St. Louis, 18—7. 

The world’s championship series of 1889 brought a 
new competitor to the field, in the shape of the Brooklyn 
club, which that year won the championship of the 
American Association. The New York club again car¬ 
ried off the honors in the National League. This time 
the series consisted of nine games, New York winning 
the majority. The scores follow: 

October 18—Brooklyn, at New York, 12—10. 

October 19—New York, at Brooklyn, 6—2. 



THE world’s champions. 


87 


October 22—Brooklyn, at New York, 8 —7. 

October 23—Brooklyn, at New York, 10—7. 

October 24—New York, at Brooklyn, ii—3. 

October 25—New York, at New York, 2—i. 

October 26—New York, at New York, ii—7. 

October 28—New York, at Brooklyn, 16—7. 

October 29—New York, at New York, 3 —2. 

The following are the individual batting averages of 


the players participating i 
series of 1889: 

RANK. A. B. 

1. Brown, N. Y. 5 

2. Keefe, N. Y.4 

' (Ward, N. Y.36 

I Clark, Brooklyn... 12 

4. O’Rourke, N. Y. ..36 

5. Collins, Brooklyn.. 35 

6. Connor, N. Y.35 

j Hughes, Br’klyn.. 3 
I Welsh, N. Y.3 

8. Richardson, N. Y. .35 

9. Foutz, Brooklyn... 35 

10. Tiernan, N. Y.38 

11. Pinckney, Br’klyn..31 

12. Caruthers, Br’klyn. 8 

13. Gore, N. Y.17 

j Whitney, N. Y_35 

( Burns, Brooklyn .35 
( Ewing, N. Y.36 

' 5 - I Crane, N. Y.i8 

16. O’Brien, Brooklyn.31 

17. Slattery, N. Y-16 

^8. Smith, Brooklyn...29 

J Terry, Brooklyn.. 18 
( Corkhill, Br’klyn..24 


the world’s championship 


R. 

B. H. 

S. B. 

AV. 

3 

3 

0 

.600 

I 

2 

0 

.500 

10 

15 ' 

10 

.417 

3 

5 

I 

.417 

7 

14 

3 

•389 

13 

13 

7 

•371 

9 

12 

8 

•343 

I 

I 

0 

•333 

0 

I 

0 

•333 

7 

11 

3 

.314 

7 

10 

3 

,286 

12 

10 

4 

.263 

2 

8 

2 

.258 

I 

2 

0 

.250 

' I 

4 

3 

•235 

4 

8 

0 

.229 

8 

8 

0 

.229 

5 

8 

3 

.222 

3 

4 

0 

.222 

8 

6 

7 

•195 

6 

3 

I 

.188 

2 

5 

3 

.172 

I 

3 

I 

.167 

4 

4 

I 

.167 











88 

UNIVERSAL 

BASE-BALL 

GUIDE. 



RAmc, 

A. B. R. 

B, H. 

S. B. 

AV. 

20 , 

Visner, Brooklyn.. 

16 2 

2 

0 

.125 

21 . 

O’Day, N. Y. 

10 5 

I 

0 

. 100 

( 

Davis, Brooklyn.. 

4 0 

0 

0 

.000 

22 . ■{ 

Bushong, Br’klyn.. 

8 0 

0 

0 

.000 

1 

Lovett, Brooklyn.. 

I 0 

0 

0 

.000 


In club fielding, the Brooklyns led, with a percentage of 
.917, as against .915 by New York. Clark led the catch¬ 
ers, Foutz the first-basemen, Collins the second-base¬ 
men, Whitney the third-basemen, Davis the short-stops, 
O’Rourke the left-fielders, Corkhill the center-fielders, 
Tiernan the right-fielders, and Crane the pitchers. 



TRIPS TO FOREIGN CLIMES. 


89 


TRIPS TO FOREIGN CLIMES. 

The first attempt to introduce base-ball in England 
was made in 1874, when the Athletics of Philadelphia 
and the Bostons took a trip across the Atlantic to teach 
Great Britain our national game. The clubs sailed in 
July, and returned in September. The trip was a fail¬ 
ure. Following shows the make-up of the two teams: 


BOSTON. 

A. G. Spalding. 
James White. 
James O’Rourke. 
Ross C. Barnes. 
Henry Schafer. 
George Wright. 
H. J. Leonard. 
Harry Wright. 
Cal C. McVey. 


POSITIONS. 

Pitcher. 
Catcher. 
First base. 
Second base. 
Third base. 
Short-stop. 
Left field. 
Center field. 
Right field. 


ATHLETIC. 

James D. McBride. 
James C. Clapp. 

W. D. Fisher. 
Joseph Battin. 

Ezra B. Sutton. 

M. H. McGeary. 

A. W. Gedney. 
James F. McMullin. 
A. C. Anson. 


George W. Hall, Thomas L. Beals, Sam Wright, Jr., 
Bostons, and A. J. Reach, Tim Murnan, and J. P. Sen- 
senderfer. Athletics, were the substitutes. Fifteen 
games were played on this trip, in the cities and with 
the results as herein given: 


DATE. 

July 30. 

July 31- 

August I. 
August 3. 


CITIES. 

Liverpool. 

Liverpool. 

Manchester. 

London. 


SCORES. 

Athletic 14; Boston ii. 
Boston 23; Athletic 18. 
Athletic 13; Boston 12. 
Boston 24; Athletic 7. 



00 


UNIVERSAL Base-ball guide. 


DATE. 

August 6. 
August 8. 
August lo. 
August II. 
August 13. 
August 14. 
August 15. 
August 17. 
August 20. 
August 24. 
August 25. 


CITIES. 

London. 

Richmond. 

Crystal Palace. 

Crystal Palace. 

Kensington. 

Kensington. 

Sheffield. 

Sheffield. 

Manchester. 

Dublin. 

Dublin. 


SCORES. 

Boston 14; Athletic ii. 
Athletic 10; Boston 3. 
Boston 17; Athletic 8. 
Athletic 19; Boston 8. 
Boston 16; Athletic 6. 
Spld’gs 14; McMullens 11. 
Boston 19; Athletic 8. 
Boston 18; Athletic 17. 
Athletic 7; Boston 2. 
Boston 12; Athletic 7. 
Athletic 15; Boston 4. 


In the summer of 1888, A. G. Spalding and Leigh S. 
Lynch projected a trip around the world, and in the 
winter of the same year carried it out. Two teams 
were formed, one the Chicago league club and the 
other the All-Americas, made up of players from the 
various clubs in the National League and the American 
Association. The clubs left Chicago in October, 1888, 
returning in April, 1889. They worked their way across 
the continent to San Francisco, and sailed from that 
city for Australia November i8th. At that time the 
teams were made up as follows: 


CHICAGO. 

A. C. Anson, Capt. 
N. F. Pfeffer. 
Thos. Burns. 

E. N. Williamson. 
Martin Sullivan. 
James Ryan. 
Robert Pettit. 
Thos. P. Daly. 


POSITIONS. 

First base. 
Second base. 
Third base. 
Short-stop. 
Left field. 
Center field. 
Right field. 
Catcher. 


ALL-AMERICA. 

G. A. Wood. 

James Ryan. 

H. Manning. 

John M. Ward, Capt. 
James Fogarty. 
Edward Hanlon. 

J. C. Earle. 

Fred H. Carroll.* 


Trips to ToreiOn cLimRs. . 


91 


CHICAGO. POSITIONS. 

J. K. Tener. Pitcher. 

Mark E. Baldwin. Pitcher. 


ALL-AMERICA. 


John Healy. 
E. N. Crane. 


The games played between Chicago and San Fran¬ 
cisco on the out-trip were: 


DATE. 

. CLUBS. 

CITIES. 

SCORES. 

Oct. 20. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Chicago. 

II- 6 

Oct. 21. 

Chicago vs. 

Am^erica. 

St. Paul. 

8- 5 

Oct. 22. 

Chicago vs. 

Am*erica. 

Minneapolis. 

I- 0 

Oct. 22. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Minneapolis. 

6- 3 

Oct. 23. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Cedar Rapids. 

6- 5 

Oct. 24. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Des Moines. 

3- 2 

Oct. 25. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Omaha. 

12—2 

Oct. 26. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Hastings. 

8- 4 

Oct. 27. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Denver. 

16-2 

Oct. 28. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Denver. 

9- 8 

Oct. 29. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Colorado Springs. 3- 9 

Oct. 31. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Salt Lake City. 

19- 3 

Nov. I. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Salt Lake City. 

10- 3 

Nov. 4. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

San Francisco. 

4 - 4 

Nov.i I. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

San Francisco. 

9- 6 

N0V.14. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Los Angeles. 

5 - 0 

Nov.15. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Los Angeles. 

7 - 4 


Hutchinson, Duryea, and Van Haltren accompanied 
the teams to the Pacific slope, and there left them. In 
addition to the players, Mr. Spalding and wife and a 
number of newspaper correspondents made the tour of 
the globe. From the start to the finish, the trip was 
one continual ovation, the players being banqueted in 
almost every country on the face of the earth. The 
games, played in cities on the continent of Europe and 


92 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


beneath the shadows of the silent pyramids in Egypt, 


resulted 

as follows: 




DATE. 

CLUBS. 

CITIES. 

SCORES. 

Dec. 

lO. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Auckland. 

22-13 

Dec. 

15 - 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Sydney. 

5 - 4 

Dec. 

17 - 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Sydney. 

7 - 5 

Dec. 

18. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Sydney. 

6- 3 

Dec. 

22. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Melbourne. 

5 - 3 

Dec. 

24. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Melbourne. 

13-10 

Dec. 

26. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Adelaide. 

19-14 

Dec. 

27. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Adelaide. 

12—9 

Dec. 

28. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Adelaide. 

II- 4 

Dec. 

29. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Ballarat. 

II- 7 

Jan. 

I. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Melbourne. 

14- 7 

Jan. 

I. 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Melbourne. 

9- 4 

Jan. 

5 - 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Melbourne. 

5- 0 

Jan. 

26, 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Colombo. 

3 - 3 

Feb. 

9 - 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Ghizeh. 

9- 8 

Feb. 

19. 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Naples! 

8- 2 

Feb. 

23- 

Chicago vs. 

America. 

Cologne. 

3- 2 

Feb. 

25- 

America vs. 

Chicago. 

Florence. 

7 - 4 

Mar. 

3 - 

*••#•••••»< 

»••*« *••• 

Paris. 

• • • * 


THE INFIELD. 


93 


THE INFIELD. 

There is no player in America to-day better able to 
illustrate the complex nature of work in the infield than 
N. Fred. Pfeffer, the brilliant second-baseman of the 
Chicago Players’ League club. Mr. Pfeffer is not only 
recognized as a great ball-player, but as a man of intel¬ 
lect as well. He is what is known as “ a brainy man on 
the field.” An originator in everything, it is not sur¬ 
prising that Mr. Pfeffer has evolved ideas that have done 
wonders toward placing the national game where it 
stands to-day—in the front rank of sports in America, 
and the very acme of all scientific outdoor games of the 
world. In his article on the infield, which follows, 
Mr. Pfeffer quotes occasionally from his book. Scientific 
Ball. 

A base-ball club without an infield of strength would 
be just about as successful as “Hamlet” with James 
Owen O’Connor as the Danish Prince. It was its “ stone¬ 
wall infield” that made the‘Chicago league team fa¬ 
mous; it was the infield work that pulled the Philadel- 
phias to the front in 1887; and it is the infield that is 
almost invariably responsible for the good or evil fortune 
of a ball club. Of course, team work is the first essen¬ 
tial of success; but team work will always follow where 
the players are in accord one with the other, and where 
a general holds the reins as captain, and compels his 




1 



94 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


men to fight for games, rather than for records as indi¬ 
vidual players. 

A mutual good feeling being guaranteed, the first point 
to be considered, in my opinion, is a code of signs or sig¬ 
nals. Every man who can be seen by the catcher should 
be made by sign to know when the catcher intends to 
throw to him. It is possible for a pitcher to have a code 
of motions so perfected that every man in his club will 
know what kind of a ball is to be pitched. Knowing this 
in advance, the men can so govern and place themselves 
as to give the man in the box the most effective support. 
No pitcher can win games without support; and it is the 
pitcher who realizes this, and has a thorough understand¬ 
ing with his fielders, who will stand in the front rank of 
his profession. Either the catcher or pitcher can give 
the signs to the men. It will perhaps be more natural 
for the catcher to do it, when he is up behind the bat. 
The pitcher can signify to him the kind of a ball he pro¬ 
poses to deliver, while both are in their natural positions. 
The catcher will then communicate it to the infield; if 
the men in the outfield are alert, they can get it nine 
times out of ten. When the catcher is not up,” the 
pitcher can make known the signals. First-baseman, 
third-baseman, and short-stop have equally shared in the 
advantage of knowing the pitcher’s intention in advance, 
when they have been informed. Too often they have not 
been made acquainted with the pitcher’s design. 

For instance, here is an illustration: The catcher 
gives the second-baseman a sign that he will throw 


THE INFIELD. 


95 


the next ball pitched. The pitcher should deliver it a 
little to one side, so that it can be surely and easily 
handled; otherwise, the ball may be hit, and the 
intended play prevented. When pitcher and catcher 
understand each other perfectly, the basemen interpret¬ 
ing the signal know what to do. The short-stop, having 
seen the sign, knows that the next ball will not be hit, 
and has ample time to “ back up ” second base. ' 

And here is another instance: The base-runner is 
leading off second. The pitcher should never be com¬ 
pelled to look or turn around to ascertain the situation 
favorable for an attempt to catch the man napping. 
Upon a signal from the catcher, the pitcher wheels and 
sends the ball to second. The second-baseman is there 
to handle it, as he has seen the sign made by the catcher. 
By a little practice, it will be found that this programme 
can be successfully executed; and after two or three 
men have been retired in this way, the runner is apt to 
remain glued to the second bag. Signal work can be 
made equally effective when understood by catcher, 
pitcher, and first-baseman. 

One thing that should be avoided is a collision of in¬ 
field and outfield players while attempting to get the same 
ball. Many ugly accidents have occurred in this man¬ 
ner in the past. However, collisions can be prevented 
by the captain calling the ball for the nearest man to it, 
or by the outfielder calling that he will take it. The 
infielder, running with upturned face, must keep his eye 
'on the ball, and can never tell just what balls he can 


96 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


take, and therefore will always go for everything until 
he hears a fellow-player sing out, and then he can stop. 
Many players become speechless when a ball is hit up 
between two of them. Practice will obviate this diffi¬ 
culty, and make it a source of comfort to the whole team 
to know that every man will go for everything, and, 
when sure of taking it in, will call out, so the other men 
can take their eyes off the ball. I have seen some of the 
league players shirk their work, and the managers of the 
team would never know it. 

Failure to ‘‘back up” players and positions has prob¬ 
ably been as disastrous a feature of losing clubs as any 
other which can be specified. Because of this fatal 
weakness, scores of otherwise well-played games are 
needlessly sacrificed every year. The men in the Phila¬ 
delphia league club were well drilled in the theory and 
practice of “backing up ” during the season of 1887, and 
while many were surprised at their splendid succession 
of victories on the home stretch, few realized that their 
triumphs were largely due to the fact that every player 
was in the right place at the right time. 

For the better development of base-ball as an athletic 
profession and a legitimate entertainment, it is desirable 
that every player should understand that there is more 
winning play in brainy play than in hand or leg work. 
No situation which can arise in the progress of any game 
should or will confuse a player who understands the game. 

When a ball is thrown from the catcher to second 
base the short-stop should run across behind the second- 



N. F. PFEFFER, 


































THE INFIELD. 


97 


baseman, and the center-helder should run in. Right 
here is a chance for the pitcher. Suppose the ball gets 
away from the short-stop, goes to the center-fielder, and 
the base-runner gets to third. Anticipating a throw to 
third, the pitcher should back up third base. 

When a ball is hit to left field, the center-fielder 
should get to the rear of the left-fielder as soon as pos¬ 
sible. A hit to center field should be a signal for both 
the other fielders to close up in the rear and be prepared 
to return the ball immediately, should the center-fielder 
fail to take it. Right field should always be backed by 
center. 

When a ball is hit to left field, the short-stop should 
take second base, while the second-baseman should back 
up the throw. If the ball be hit to right field, the base- 
man comes to second, while the short-stop backs up the 
ball. Observe the same plan when the ball is hit to 
center field. 

When there are men on bases, always strive for a 
double play. When there is a runner on first bag, let 
the second-baseman play close to the base-line. Thus, 
in case he gets the batted ball ahead of the runner, he 
has almost a sure thing on a double play. 

My experience has taught me that no two men will 
come down to second base, when crowded for time, ex- 
actly*alike. This fact should be remembered by all who 
cover the second bag. But it is also a fact that a runner, 
when under pressure, will always come down in an indi¬ 
vidual and characteristic fashion. Take John Ward, 
7 




D 


98 UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 

who is one of the most puzzling base-runners living. 
Ward will vary his style of getting away from a bag, but 
he always alights, when he is hustling, in the same old, 
stereotyped way. I have found it extremely useful to 
“ keep tab” on the way runners come down to my base. 
Some make it a practice to collide with you in such a 
way as to block you from throwing. In those cases, I 
rush at a man, touch him, jump away from him, and 
recover to throw to first. For so doing, I have been 
many times criticised, but when I do it, it is because I 
know my man. Believe me, there is no egotism in this. 
It is only a measure of self-preservation. 

It should be remembered. 

Another axiom of the game which should be made 
more prominent is this: 

Whenever there is a runner at first base, there is 
always a chance for a double play on a batted ball. This 
point M. J. Kelly, of the Boston club, never loses sight 
of. Hundreds of times I have heard him call from the 
right field, and always at the right time, to remind men 
that they must not be satisfied with doing one thing as 
long as it was possible to score two points. 

The certain mark of superiority in an infielder is the 
fashion in which he throws a ball, making a double play. 
The cool-headed man is always the general. 

The level-headed man on the ball-field will regulate 
his action according to the hit. If the ball is hit sharp, 
do not throw it as hard as you can. Take your time, 
ftnd endeavor to throw it high or low, according to the 
\ 


( *- 

I 


THE INFIELD. 


99 


preference of the baseman who receives it. Too much 
haste on the part of the man who has the first handling 
of the ball has, hundreds of times, prevented what would 
otherwise have been a double play. Send the ball prop¬ 
erly to the second-baseman, and it gives him a chance to 
get himself in position to throw effectively when he 
receives the ball. 

Naturally enough, being a , second-baseman myself, I 
consider that the most important position in the infield. 
At the same time, I realize the importance of the short¬ 
stop, the third-baseman, and the first-baseman, and 
believe that the only way a ball club can ever be made 
strong is by well-directed and systematic work on the 
part of every man in the infield. 


N. F. Pfeffer. 


100 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


THE OUTFIELD. 

There is but one way to play the outfield as it should 
be played, though it is played in a hundred different 
ways. A good outfielder should be the very soul of 
activity. He should never lose sight of a single inci¬ 
dent during the progress of the game, whether it con¬ 
cerns him or not, and he should also be ever on the alert 
to help a fellow-player out of a dangerous position. Catch¬ 
ing in the field, though a good catch will always receive 
the plaudits of the multitude, is one of the easiest parts 
of a fielder’s duty. The first thing a new beginner learns 
is to catch a fly-ball, and if he should fail in that, he 
might as well decide that he has no business on the 
diamond; for if he does not decide it for himself, 
the public will do it for him, and that, too, very uncere¬ 
moniously. 

One of the strongest points a fielder can possess, 
is to know what to do with a ball after he gets it, 
and to act promptly when he takes in the situation. 
For instance, a ground-hit may be made to center while 
a man is holding downlsecond bag. The hit is a sharp 
one; the fielder is play^n'g well in, and feels sure that the 
man who has started to run from second base can be 
retired at the home plate. In his efforts to get hold of 
the sphere, he fumbles it, but finally secures it, and fires 
it in to the catcher; but he is too late. TheHumble 



THE OUTFIELD. 


101 


robbed him of his advantage, and in losing that, his 
opportunity for putting the man out was also lost. The 
fielder has also shown bad judgment in throwing the 
ball, after his little margin of advantage was gone, to 
the catcher; for the batter has now run down to second, 
whereas he should have been held at first. It is the 
exercise of good, sound judgment at just such critical 
points that makes a fielder valuable. 

A fielder should never throw a ball in from the field 
slowly, or roll it, when there are men on bases, as a good 
base-runner will always take advantage of such a dis¬ 
play of a lack of judgment. When there is no one 
on the bases, any hit to the outfield should be returned 
as rapidly as possible to the second base. A ball hit to 
left field when a runner is on first should be sent to 
third; while if a runner is on bag No. 2, and a hit is made 
into the left garden, the ball should be sent to second 
immediately. If thrown to third, the man who made 
the hit will likely go round to second. Supposing a hit 
were made to center while a runner was on second, nine 
times out of ten the runner will try to reach the home 
plate. If the hit was a sharp one, and the fielder was 
not playing out too far, the runner may be thrown out. 
There is an opportunity for a fielder to display his good 
judgment here, if he possesses that quality. Then, again, 
we have a runner on first base when a hit has been made 
to right or center field. The intelligent fielder will see 
that there is no chance of catching the man running from 
first base, but the batter may be caught at second if the 


• ♦ 


' 'mC y.r V- ’77' 



102 UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 

leather is properly thrown and handled. Let the fielder 
throw to short third, and the batter will think an attempt 
is being made to put the runner out ahead of him, and 
will try himself to get to second. The short-stop is there, 
however, and takes the ball, throwing it to second in 
time to catch the batter. If there is doubt about catch¬ 
ing the man at home plate, the fielder should deliver the 
ball near the pitcher’s position. Frequently, the batter 
will attempt to go down from first to second, but just as 
often will the pitcher get the ball there ahead of him. 

A fielder capable of making such points is indeed an 
excellent player. A man may retrieve himself, after mak¬ 
ing a fumble, when there are other men on the bases. I 
know there is no use throwing the ball to first to put the 
batter out; but I pick up the ball, anyhow, and wheel 
round, making the motion to throw to first, but instead 
put the ball in to one of the other bases, fooling the run¬ 
ners who have left the bags thinking the ball has gone 
to first. Fielders should back each other up, just as well 
as basemen. Right field, in my opinion, should be 
played within one hundred and eighty feet of the home 
plate. Like the left-fielder, he should be a rapid runner, 
sure catcher, and quick and accurate thrower. The 
same is required of a center-fielder. The fielders should 
all know the individual record of each and every player 
with whom they have to deal, and should know what 
kind of a ball he is accustomed to knocking—whether he 
puts it in the air, or on the ground, or sends a liner. 
Every right-fielder should be well drilled, so that he can 


.r.’ 



j? 


THE OUTFIELD 


103 


i 


throw men out at the home plate. To do this, he must 
put every ounce of his muscle into the ball, and yet throw 
^ it with a steady and accurate aim. The center-fielder 
must possess all the qualities of the fielder in general, 
ir- and besides act as the center or hub of the base-ball 


wheel. The fielder does not get half the credit from the 


' general public he deserves; for, be it known, his position 
» is just as difficult to play as any other on the diamond. 


i 



Ed. Hanlon 




104 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


HOW TO CAPTAIN A BALL TEAM. 

The general public has but little idea of the difficulties 
met with by the manager or captain of a base-ball club 
in handling his men. My first experience in the position 
of captain was in the spring of 1883, when I took charge 
of the St. Louis Browns. It did not take me long to 
discover that the lot of a base-ball captain was not a 
particularly happy one. The first day of my experience 
I found that I had a lot of balky horses in command. At 
first I tried to drive them, but finding that severe dis¬ 
cipline would not bring about the best results, I changed 
my tactics, and commenced to reason with the boys. 
Kind treatment soon had the desired effect. The play¬ 
ers were spurred on to their best efforts, and good work 
all around followed in consequence. It was in this 
way that I first gained the respect of my men and the 
confidence of the public, and started upon a career 
which has been at least fairly successful in the manage¬ 
ment of ball-players. I have won many championships, 
and attribute the same to the hearty cooperation of my 
fellow-players and the fact that I was fortunate enough 
always to keep them in good spirits and first-class ball¬ 
playing condition. A great deal depends upon the judg¬ 
ment shown in sizing up the diversity of dispositions and 
temperaments of players. 

One plan which has aided me wonderfully in winning 



Chas Comiskey 













HOW TO CAPTAIN A BALL TEAM. 


105 


games has been to play my hardest against the weaker 
as well as the stronger teams. Good clubs have fre¬ 
quently lost the championship through an inability to 
properly judge the strength of their rivals. 

Base-ball players are not divine. They are decidedly 
human. Handle them gently and kindly, and you will 
get good team work, good individual playing, and many 
a game in return; treat them harshly, and you will find 
it a Herculean task to even realize a creditable showing. 

Of course, it is necessary to have your players in good 
physical condition at all times in order to get winning 
work from them. It is a mistake, however, to attempt to 
keep your players under lock and key. Trust to their 
own good sense to restrain from dissipation. Where I 
have found that a player was leading a fast life, I have 
used ihoral suasion with him. It double discounts a 
fine, and rarely ever fails of its object. Temperate I am 
at all times, a prohibitionist never. A little stimulant at 
the proper time will never injure anyone, not even a ball¬ 
player. 


Charles Albert Comiskey. 


106 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


THE ART OF PITCHING. 

Mark E. Baldwin, pitcher of the Chicago Players’ 
League club, writes: Vitally important to the game 
of base-ball is the pitcher. Not that he should expect, 
or be expected, to play the whole game himself; but 
that he must be a master of technique, a thorough 
student of the opposing batsmen, and a man of coolness 
and judgment. The art of pitching is to-day an art of 
arts. Every successful pitcher must have a varied style 
of delivery; for, if I may use the term, upon his versa¬ 
tility depends in a great measure his effectiveness. It is 
not so much the curve that bothers the batsman, as it is 
the guessing that must precede the curve. Before the 
ball leaves the twirler’s hand, the knight of the willow 
must decide in his own mind just where that ball is going 
to be when it reaches the home plate; failing to do this, 
his chances of making a safe hit are slim indeed. 

The secret of effective pitching is absolute and perfect 
control of the ball at all times. Speed and curves will 
not suffice, without ability to place the ball over the plate 
at the proper height whenever desired. A number of 
first-class pitchers use a straight, speedy ball in prefer¬ 
ence to curves, and in almost every instance where 
speed is combined with accuracy in placing the ball, 
success is attained. The reason for this is that many 
strong batsmen are timid and terror-stricken lest they 



Mark E. Baldwin 
















THE ART OF PITCHING. 


107 


should be disabled by being hit with the ball. Other 
pitchers prefer a change of pace, alternating it with 
straight, speedy, slow, and curved balls. 

During the season of 1889, while playing with the 
Columbus team of the American Association, my most 
successful deliveries were a fast, straight ball and a drop 
curve. Of course, while pitching against the several 
clubs that formed the association, my style was changed 
as much as possible, from the different peculiarities 
possessed by the different batsmen. Some preferred a 
curve; others, straight, fast pitching; while some waited, 
and waited well, for the slow ball. To my idea, the 
Athletics were decidedly the heaviest hitting team of 
the association, and it required my very best efforts to 
defeat them; for, when once they started, they were 
indeed a hard club to stop. Indeed, this could only be 
done by a change of pace. 

A pitcher who desires to rank in Class A must know 
how to use all the varied deliveries, and also be able to 
field his position well; to back up first, third, and 
the home plate; to watch the bases, and, above all, 
have a good, sound understanding with his catcher in 
regard to signs. Many pitchers give their own signs; 
but 1 am safe in saying the majority of pitchers are 
signed by their respective catchers. To my liking, it is 
quite the safest and surest method. My reason for this 
is that in every team there is always some player on the 
outlook to discover signs as given by either player. 

The year 1884 marked my entrance into the base-ball 


108 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


arena. My professional debut was made in the position 
of right-fielder and change catcher with" the Boston 
Union. The early part of 1885 found me with the 
Providence club, champions of the National League. 
In July of that year I was sold to the Buffalo club, and 
remained with that organization until 1886, when I 
joined the Washingtons. The winter of 1886 found me 
in Cuba, with the Athletics of Philadelphia. It was 
during this trip that I first attempted the art of pitching. 
The year 1887 found me with the Toronto club, champions 
of the International League; in 1888 and 1889 I was with 
the New York Giants, and 1890 finds me with the New 
York club, of the Players’ National League. 

A pitcher should have, first of all, a strong, supple arm, 
loose shoulder, and perfect self-possession. Lacking 
one of these, he is handicapped from the start. He 
must be accurate; his aim must be true. With accuracy 
should be combined the power to change the pace of the 
ball at will, at such a time and in such a manner that the 
batsman can not with certainty be prepared with any 
definite tactics. Another important factor is the curve 
of the ball in its passage through the air. The long, 
slightly rounding, or “rainbow” curve is of little use, 
while the short, abrupt curve can be used most effectively. 

The pitcher should be always ready to field slow-hit 
balls, and also cover first when that baseman is engaged 
in fielding a ground-ball. In addition to this, he should 
back up third and home on a throw in from the outfield. 
With men on bases, he should be constantly on the alert. 






ED. Crane 
























THE ART OF PITCHING. 109 

holding them as close as possible to the bases, the first 
base receiving special attention. 

In delivering a ball, the pitcher should never expose 
his grasp of the ball to the batsman. Each ball should 
be thrown, to all appearances, with the same effort and 
motion as its predecessors, even though the speed may 
constantly vary. An easy, natural delivery is always 
desirable. A snappy, jerky delivery will in a short 
time wear out the strongest arm and shoulder. With 
the abilities I have mentioned, together with endurance 
and pluck, I think any player could soon become a win¬ 
ning pitcher. 


Ed. N. Crane. 


110 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


HOW TO FILL THE CATCHER’S POSITION. 

In these days of fast pitching, hard hitting, and fast 
and tricky base-running, it is absolutely necessary that 
a first-class catcher should be not only a reliable back¬ 
stop and fast and correct thrower, but he must be a 
scientific thrower, and an almost perfect judge of bats¬ 
men, and their strong and weak points as well. By 
scientific throwing, I mean so handling the ball when it 
comes from the pitcher that the motion to throw costs 
no time. I always try to get and throw the ball with 
the same motion, or as nearly so as possible. 

My system of catching is to stand on the outer edge of 
the plate. It is the outcurves that go widely, and 
are missed. The so-called incurves are always within 
reach. 

It has always seemed to me that the catcher, with the 
team before him, and in the natural position to attract 
the attention of the other eight men, is the natural cap¬ 
tain and distributer of signs for team work, and the cen¬ 
tral figure in the game. The New York team has always 
worked on this plan since I have been its captain, and it 
has been a most successful one. 

Of course, the catcher who captains and “ signs ” a 
team from behind the bat must be able to do so; other¬ 
wise, he will fail worse in that position than in any 
Other, because of the amount of “ business ” for him to 







Buck " Ev/ing 





















HOW TO FILL THE CATCHER’S POSITION. Ill 

do at all times. But, if he can do the work, the catcher 
is the natural captain of every base-ball team. 

The successful catcher, with good judgment on oppos¬ 
ing batsmen, should control the battery work, and even 
choose the pitchers to face certain groups of batsmen. 
As the rules stand, the base-runner has little or no chance 
against a first-class battery. With a pitcher working 
smoothly, and his delivery sharp enough to hold runners 
closely to the bases, the chances against the average 
base-runner are about ten to one. 

No pitcher is first-class who does not cultivate a sharp 
delivery, and pay almost as much attention to men on 
bases as to the batsman facing him. Base-running 
ability is best used in the start the runner gets. I have 
in mind two or three men who are but ordinary runners, 
and yet start so well that they reduce the chances in 
favor of their being caught to five to one, or even less. 

No first-class catcher throws hard at all times. The 
ability to throw straight and hard is good to possess, 
but your first-class catcher is a flexible fellow, who throws 
hard when he has to, but relies most on getting the ball 
down straight and quickly, gaining the time on the run¬ 
ner before he lets the ball go. 

To me, catching is not hard work. If it was, I should 
not have been as successful as I have been. 

W. E. Ewing. 


112 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


THE ART OF BASE-RUNNENG. 

William A. Sunday, the graceful and speedy sprinter 
of the Pittsburgh league club, has some very excellent 
ideas on base-running. Says Mr. Sunday: 

Base-running is almost as essential to the success of 
a club as team work. Two qualities must be possessed 
by a player before he can become a success in the art— 
judgment and speed. I consider judgment paramount 
to speed, and believe it possible for a comparatively slow 
runner to become proficient in the theft of bases. He 
must be very careful, however, in watching the move¬ 
ments of the pitcher, and be off the instant the ball 
leaves his hands. Further, he must be able to tell 
whether the pitcher is about to deliver the ball to the 
catcher or throw it to first. These faculties only come 
after careful study and much experience. 

In running, one should always get behind the fielder 
whenever possible, as you thus have him at a disadvan¬ 
tage. He is compelled to keep a sharp lookout for the 
ball which will be thrown him in order to head you off, 
and if you are behind him, he will be compelled, even 
after getting the ball, to turn around in order to touch 
you out. While the baseman is performing this little 
operation, a clever base-runner will have slid in and 
captured the bag. 


W. A. Sunday. 


THE ART OF COACHING. 


113 


THE ART OF COACHING. 

Of course, coaching is a fine art. Base-ball without 
the gay and festive coacher would be as Hamlet with 
Hamlet left out, or as cricket with Chinese as players. 
Coaching is what keeps alive the interest while men are 
on bases; coaching is what pleases the crowd, rattles the 
opposing pitcher, and wins games. It is as essential to 
the success of base-ball as is batting, base-running, or 
pitching—it has become a part and parcel of the game; 
and, as the patent-medicine advertisements say, no game 
is complete without it. I do not believe in bulldozing 
taotics in coaching, but in a thorough understanding 
between the players and their captain. When a man 
once reaches first base, it is the proper caper for him to 
continue on in his mad career until he lands at the 
home plate. He can not do this single-handed and alone. 
Of course, he will have to do the running himself, 
but with a good man on the first and third base coach¬ 
lines his chances of scoring are greatly enhanced. 
A coacher who has studied the methods and motions 
of pitchers can very often “tip off” to the runner 
just the proper moment for him to start on his career of 
thievery. 

The coacher has a much easier time of it sometimes 
than others. In other words, he does not find it half as 


114 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 



I 

hard to coach around a speedy runner as he does an ice- 
wagon or a freight-train. There are no ice-wagons or 
freight-trains in the Players’ League. 

W. A. Latham. 


-SX' 




V 




I 









ARLIE LATHAM. 


I 

















THE ART OF SCHEDULE-MAKING. 


115 


THE ART OF SCHEDULE-MAKING. 

One of the most difficult matters in connection with 
base-ball is the art of schedule-making. But few men in 
the profession are masters of this branch of the business, 
and of these few, “Jim” Hart, ex-manager of the Bos¬ 
ton league club, but at present private secretary to A. 
G. Spalding, stands at the head. In writing on the 
subject, Mr. Hart says: 

You have requested me to write a few lines regard¬ 
ing base-ball schedule-making. It is seldom that two 
people are found who have the same plan for arranging 
a schedule. Consequently, I will simply explain my 
mode of procedure. 

To arrange a schedule for a base-ball league, the 
maker must, first of all, familiarize himself with the loca¬ 
tion of the several cities, and the railways connecting 
them. This is easily done by placing a blank paper 
under a map upon which all the cities are shown; then 
placing the point of a pin on the city as indicated by 
the map, pressing hard enough to make an impression 
on the blank paper. When this has been done with each 
city, lines are to be drawn on the blank paper to indicate 
the railways which can be used in traveling from city to 
city. On these lines the number of miles separating the 
cities are marked; also, the time of arrival and departure 
of trains. By so doing, a map is made which at a glance 




116 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


supplies all information of the character desired. Con¬ 
tinual searches in a railway guide are thus avoided. 

The next point is to ascertain from each club the 
desirable days for the club to play on home grounds, and 
the dates which are undesirable for home games, owing 
to opposition or other causes. In a book which is ruled 
horizontally only, beginning at the extreme left side, is 
placed one date on each line, beginning with the date 
upon which it is proposed to open the season, finishing 
with the closing date—missing no date, except that it be 
that Sunday games are not to be scheduled, in which case 
all Sundays can be omitted. If it is the desire to play 
Sunday games, all Sundays should be included, and 
marked or underscored so that they can be seen at a 
glance. Saturdays should also be marked, but not with 
the same mark as for Sundays, as Saturdays and Sundays 
are usually considered the most desirable days, and should 
be evenly divided. If on any day it is proposed to play 
two games, there should be two lines for those dates, or, 
in other words, repeat that date the same as though there 
were two of that number in that month, thus: 

July 3-4-4-5- 

All the lines thus used, from the opening to the closing 
of the season, are to be counted. This will indicate 
exactly how many days there are for games, and by sub¬ 
tracting the number of games which it is proposed to 
play, it will give the open or idle dates. It is necessary 
that this be known, so that open dates may be judiciously 
distributed. By dividing the dates already written into 


THE ART OP SCHEDULE-MAKING. Il7 

sections, it can be shown how much time may be used to 
make certain trips. For example: Suppose there is 
. being made an eight-club schedule of one hundred and 
twenty-six games for each club, the season beginning on 
April I St and closing October ist; this, with two games 
on May 30th (Decoration Day), and two on July 4th 
(Independence Day), gives one hundred and eighty-five 
days for one hundred and twenty-six games, making 
fifty-nine open days, which must be distributed through¬ 
out the entire season. The eight cities are divided into 
two sections, four in each, selecting those four which are 
nearest together in any one direction. These sections 
can be designated as East and West. The four clubs of 
these sections can again be divided into two each, which 
can be called sections i and 2 of the East, and sec¬ 
tions I and 2 of the West. To play one hundred 
and twenty-six games during the season, each team will 
have to play nine games on the grounds of the seven 
remaining clubs, or sixty-three away from home, and 
each of the seven teams will be compelled to visit the 
home grounds for nine games, making sixty-three games 
at home, or the one hundred and twenty-six in the aggre¬ 
gate. These games are usually divided into series of 
three, making it necessary for each team to visit each 
grounds three times during the season. 

These trips may be again divided in this manner: The 
West to play the East at home a series of twelve games; 
then the East to play the West in the West one series, 
also of twelve games; then the sections to play among 



118 


tJNtVER'SAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


themselves, one series at home and one series abroad; 
sections i of the East and West playing on grounds of 
sections 2; sections 2 on grounds of sections 1; then 
the two clubs of each section i with each other. At 
the same time, the two clubs of each section 2 can play 
with each other. This would make eighteen games be¬ 
tween the sections, or forty-two games up to that time, 
which is one-third of the total number for the season. 
One-third of the one hundred and eighty-five dates on 
the schedule is about sixty-two, which, if the games had 
been scheduled without leaving any. open dates, would 
put the games twenty days too far ahead. To ascertain 
exactly how these idle dates should be distributed, let it 
be found how much idle time there is for each game 
played; thus, there are one hundred and eighty-five days 
for one hundred and twenty-six games, or nearly one and 
a half days for each game. Consequently, for the twelve 
games which the East play at home with the West, there 
must be allowed seventeen days for like games in the 
West, and for the eighteen games which the sections 
have played with each other, there must be allowed 
twenty-seven days, making an allowance of sixty-one 
days, or about one-third of the playing time for one-third 
of the games. 

The same principle is, of course, used in the remaining 
two-thirds of the schedule, although it is always advisable 
to keep pretty busy the first third of the season, so that, 
in case of postponement, more time is left to play off the 
postponed games on the later trips. 


THE ART OF schedule-making. 119 

When the schedule has been completed as thus planned, 
the task of “ proving ” should be gone through with in 
this manner: Each club should be taken from the begin¬ 
ning to the closing of the season, and its trips and dates 
given, thereby showing whether all trips can be made 
from city to city, under existing railway schedules, in 
time to play on dates given. This being verified, the 
schedule should be “blocked,” or the complete schedule 
put on one page. This is done by putting all the home 
games of each club in squares. For an eight-club 
schedule there would be required a block eight by eight, 
but, of course, only seven of these in each line would be 
used, as the home club has but- seven teams visit its 
grounds. When this is completed, if it is found that each 
space contains nine dates, it is proved that the schedule 
is right and correct. 

Schedule-making is quite an art, and a man who can 
become so expert in the art that he can give each club 
all the holidays, all the Sundays, all the Saturdays, and 
all XhQpleasant days on the home grounds, will be able to 
present a schedule that will be adopted without the usual 
kick, and at the same time gain a reputation that will 
crown him king of all schedule-makers. 

James A. Hart. 


120 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


HOW TO ORGANIZE A BALL CLUB. 

I don’t know how other people organize a base-ball 
club. I can tell you, though, how we organized one 
quickly and successfully. , I knew little or nothing about 
the Brotherhood until last July, when Fred Pfeffer, its 
Chicago leader, came to me and told me how he and the 
other members of the Brotherhood felt; how a vote had 
been taken on the question of strike or no strike, on the 
morning of July 4th—and the decision of which, by the 
way, was no strike—and how the players had determined 
to go into business for themselves next season if they 
could attract capital to their side. Pfeffer asked me to 
furnish the capital for the Chicago venture. I asked for 
a National League contract, and submitted it to my law¬ 
yers. They said it was no good, and another legal firm 
was called in and gave the same opinion. I gave a 
favorable answer to Pfeffer, but no move was made until 
John Ward came here. We had two meetings, in which 
all the details were gone over, and I agreed to find the 
men and money to organize the Chicago White-Stocking 
Club of the Players’ National League. 

At the last meeting between Ward, Pfeffer, and myself, 
it was agreed that Charles A. Comiskey, the famous cap¬ 
tain and manager of the St. Louis Browns, should be 
invited to fill those places, and that of first-baseman, upon 
the Chicago team. He quickly accepted the invitation. 


HOW TO ORGANIZE A BALL CLUB. 


121 


promised to sign a contract when the time came, and ful¬ 
filled the promise. All the men in the old team that were 
wanted signed the agreement, except Tom Burns and 
Hutchinson, and all, except those two, signed our con¬ 
tract. Later, Burns and Hutchinson pledged themselves 
to us, but broke their promises. Comiskey’s players, 
anxious to follow their captain, more than filled the gap, 
and when we had done signing contracts we had eighteen 
men on our rolls. Thus we had our own great team 
complete, and were able to aid Brooklyn with Van Hal- 
tren, Pittsburgh with John Tener, and Boston with Gum- 
bert. Myself and the men who shared the stock in the 
new club watched our interests carefully, and, by so 
doing, were able not only to care for and protect them, 
but occasionally aid the other teams in various ways. 
We tried to get the old park for the old team, and offered 
$25,000 cash down, if six per cent, was paid us for the 
money, for a three-year lease. The owners were willing, 
but the tenant, whose lease had expired, was not, and, 
rather than get into a tedious law-suit, we looked for 
grounds, and after a lot of work found those we are now 
shaping up tor the season. From the first I had no 
doubt of the success of the new league, and found ready 
assistance on every hand. The players gave the lie to 
their old employer’s charge of “ every player has his 
price,” stood every test, and aided us in every possible 
way. That’s how the Chicago White-Stockings were 
organized. There may be better methods of doing the 
work. Ours being successful, suits us very well. 

C. A. Weidenfeller. 


122 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


HOW TO SCORE A BALL GAME. 

Very few persons understand how to keep a correct 
score of a base-ball game. For the benefit of the general 
reader, therefore, the following rules, which are those 
used by reporters and official scorers, are given. Each 
square in the accompanying diagram is supposed to rep¬ 
resent the field of play. The center represents the dia¬ 
mond, with the home plate at the bottom. First base is 
to the right, second base at the top, and third base at the 
left. In the first block, mark how the player got first; 
in the second, how he reached second; and so on to the 
plate. When a runner scores, mark a straight line in the 
center to record the tally. Number each player accord¬ 
ing to the order of the batting-list. 

A base-hit is recorded by a dash, thus:—; a two-base 
hit by two dashes; a three-base hit by three dashes, and 
a home-run by four dashes. 

In recording put-outs, mark it 1-2-4. This means 
that the first man out in the inning was put out from 
2 to 4 — 2 assisting and 4 putting out. F. 4 means 
that the batter flew out to 4; F. B. means foul bound; F. 
F., foul fly; F. T., foul tip; B. B., base on balls; E., base 
on error; P. B., hit by pitched ball; K., out on strikes; 
O., put out; M. F., muffed fly; W., wild pitch; W. T., 
wild throw; P., passed ball; L., left on bases. Triple 
plays should be recorded thus: 9-7-6, showing that 9 


HOW to SCORE A BALL GAME. 123 

Stopped the ball, threw it to 7, who threw to 6 and com¬ 
pleted the play. All such marks must be recorded in 
the square which the base-runner is to reach next. In 
making up a summary, carry out the plays into the vari¬ 
ous columns as shown in the diagram. Earned runs are 
runs made without an error, or before a chance has been 
offered to retire the side. Stolen bases should be marked 
S., and credited to a player who reaches a base unaided 
by error or hit. 






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124 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


LONG DISTANCE THROWING. 

Ed. N. Crane, pitcher for the New York Players’ 
League team, holds the record for long distance base¬ 
ball throwing. On the Cincinnati grounds, October 12, 
1884, Crane threw a ball one hundred and thirty-five 
yards, one foot, and one-half inch, and in St. Louis, 
October 19th of the same year, he threw the ball one 
hundred and thirty-five yards, five inches. In 1868, 
John Hatfield, of the Cincinnati Reds, threw the ball 
one hundred and thirty-two yards. A throwing contest 
took place on the old Union ball-grounds, Brooklyn, in 
October, 1872. John Hatfield, at that time a member 
of the Mutuals, threw the ball one hundred and thirty- 
three yards, one foot, seven and one-half inches, the dis¬ 
tance being officially measured. This throw stood as 
the record until Crane beat it. On the Chicago grounds, 
a throwing match took place September 9, 1882, be¬ 
tween Ed. Williamson of the Chicagos and N. F. Pfeffer, 
then of the Troys. Pfeffer’s best throw, in three trials, 
was one hundred and thirty-two yards and five inches. 
Williamson threw the ball one hundred and thirty- 
two yards, one foot, or four feet seven and one-half 
inches short of Hatfield’s champion throw. During 
the summer and fall of 1888, a number of throwing 
contests took place in Cincinnati, but no records were 


LONG DISTANCE THROWING. 


125 


beaten. On a wet day, with slippery grounds, William¬ 
son threw the ball three hundred and ninety-nine feet, 
eleven inches, winning the prize, $ioo and a handsome 
locket. 




1 


126 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


POINTS OF INTEREST TO EVERYBODY. 

According to the official averages, the best fielding 
team in the National League during the season of 
1889 would have been as follows: Radbourne, Boston, 
pitcher; Bennett, Boston, catcher; Anson, Chicago, first- 
baseman; Dunlap, Pittsburgh, second-baseman; Denny, 
Indianapolis, third-baseman; Glasscock, Indianapolis, 
short-stop; Wilmot, Washington, left-fielder; Fogarty, 
Philadelphia, center-fielder; Radford, Cleveland, right- 
fielder. The best fielding club in the American Asso¬ 
ciation would have been: Caruthers, Brooklyn, pitcher; 
Cross, Athletic, catcher; Orr, Columbus, first-baseman; 
McPhee, Cincinnati, second-baseman; Pinkney, Brook¬ 
lyn, third-baseman; Fuller, St. Louis, short-stop; Man¬ 
ning, Kansas City, left-fielder; Corkhill, Brooklyn, cen¬ 
ter-fielder; Wolf, Louisville, right-fielder. 

Fogarty, of Philadelphia, led the National League in 
base-running during the season of 1889, and Hamilton, 
of Kansas City, led the American Association. In 128 
games, Fogarty stole 99 bases, and secured an average of 
.773. In 137 games, Hamilton stole 117 bases, making 
an average of .854. 

The New York league club of 1889 won the series 
from every team except the-Boston. 

Chicago is the only league club that escaped without 
a single whitewash in 1889. 


POINTS OF INTEREST TO EVERYBODY. 


127 


The Columbus club, of the American Association, won 
the championship of Ohio, in a contest with Cleveland 
and Cincinnati, at the close of the season of 1889. 

The series for the championship of Philadelphia, in 
1889, between the Athletics and Philadelphias, resulted 
in a tie. 

There were thirty-two extra-inning games played by 
the National League in 1889. 

John Clarkson* of the Boston club, not only pitched in 
a greater number of games than any other pitcher in the 
league or association, but he had a larger number of 
victories to his credit as well. 

The following organizations are under the protection 
of the National Agreement: National League, Ameri¬ 
can Association, International League, Western Asso¬ 
ciation, Atlantic Association, Texas League, Western 
Inter-State League, Eastern Inter-State League, Tri- 
State League, Indiana State League, Colorado State 
League, New England League, California League, New 
York State League, Michigan State League, New York 
and Pennsylvania League, Illinois and Iowa State 
League. 

The Brooklyn club drew the banner crowds in 1889. 
The sixty-nine championship games played at Washington 
Park, in the City of Churches, were attended by 353,690 
persons, an average of 5,126 to a game. Boston came 
next with an attendance of 295,000, or over 4,000 to a 
game. 

Base-ball is becoming popular in Italy. 


128 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


The pennant winners in the fourteen leading organ¬ 
izations of America, in 1889, were: National League, 
New York; American Association, Brooklyn; Western 
Association, Omaha; International Association, Detroit; 
Atlantic Association, Worcester; Southern League, New 
Orleans; California League, Oakland; Texas League, 
Houston; Tri-State League, Canton; Inter-State League, 
Springfield; Middle State League, Harrisburg; Michigan 
State League, Jackson; New York State League, Auburn; 
Ohio State League, Akron. 





." V C . ; '•■ / .' ■ •• 

, t 

) 


THE ART OF BATTING. 129 

; 

I 

f 

r 

r 

! THE ART OF BATTING. 

I 

^ Batting is an art that is not easily acquired—that is, 
I successful batting. It comes to one after long, steady 

j; practice, experience, and perseverance. Some people, of 
course, are natural-born batters, and it seems that they 

y 

, have to hit the ball whenever it comes near them; but 
most of the successful batters of to-day have become 
such from long experience and steady practice. One 
must study one’s weak points just the same as in 
: any profession, and must try to master or overcome 

; them. 

^ The eye is the most important part of a man’s make-up, 
when it comes to handling the willow with any degree of 
success. It is the factor that tells the batter when to 
^ strike, and where to place his bat. He must judge with 
his eye. A man with a bad optic can never wield the 
■: willow very successfully. The arms and wrist are other 

t very important factors which assist the batter. He 

V must, as I have said before, judge with the eye, and strike 

w with the arm and not the body. The majority of all 

B beginners step up to the plate, grasp the bat, and stand 

■ erect, with their feet close together. Just as soon as the 

pitcher raises his hand the feet part, the right, if he is 
K not south-pawed, going out in front of the plate, and 
B the left to the rear. The whole body is thrown out of 




130 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


position, and, as a result, when the ball crosses the plate 
the batter strikes wild. A ball-player, when he goes to 
the bat, should place his feet out and take his position 
before the pitcher makes a move, and should keep his ' 
position all the time he is at the bat. Timidity or fear 
is a bad thing for a batter. He should not be afraid of 
getting hit, but should wait, and then if there is danger 
of his being hit, merely dodge the ball, and not jump all 
over the field. That was a great difficulty with me when 
I first began to play ball. No sooner would a ball curve 
than I would jump out of its way, and, as a result, have a 
strike called on me, or else get struck myself. I finally 
broke myself of this annoying habit, and have since 
become quite a successful batter. 

There are only two kinds of batters—the free and the 
steady hitters. The free hitter is a man like Jake Buck- 
ley, who strikes at every ball the pitcher throws him. 
No matter whether the ball is high, low, wild, or even 
way out of his reach, the free batter will strike at it. 
The steady hitters are the men who wait for a ball, 
and do not strike until they get it. It doesn’t matter 
whether the ball is curved, straight, or a high or low ball, 
just so long as it is a good ball, they will hit it, and hit 
it hard, too. These are the most successful hitters 
all the way through. There are men who can place a 
ball to a certain extent; that is, some of them can knock 
a ball into a certain part of the field if they choose. 
They can not do this all the time, but I have occasionally 
seen it done, There are some players who will not listen 


THE ART OF BATTING. 


131 


to an older head who points out their weak spots. They 
know it all themselves, and don’t want any advice. This 
class of men can never be successful. 

Fred. H. Carroll. 









VS2 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


PLAYERS FOR 1890. 

ROSTER OF NATIONAL LEAGUE CLUBS. 

The roster of the National League is withheld for 
the present owing to the numerous changes in the mem¬ 
bership of the various clubs. 

ROSTER OF players’ LEAGUE CLUBS. 

The officers and players of the Players’ National 
League for the season of 1890 follow: 

Col. E. A. McAlpin, 150 Avenue D, New York, N. Y., 
President. 

John Addison, 51 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill., Vice- 
President. 

Frank H. Brunell, 927 Chicago Opera House Block, 
Chicago, Ill., Secretary and Treasurer. 

Boston. —President, C. H. Porter; Treasurer, F. E. 
Long; Secretary, J. B. Hart; Manager and Captain, 
Michael J. Kelly. Players: Brouthers, i-b.; Brown, f.; 
Daley, p.; Gumbert, p.; Irwin, s. s.; Johnston, f.; Kelly, 
c.; Madden, p.; Murphy, c.; Nash, 3-b.; Quinn, 2-b.; 
Richardson, f.; Radbourne, p.; Stovey, f.; Sweet, c. ^ 

Brooklyn. —President, Wendell Goodwin; Secretary, 
G, H. Wirth, Mills Building, New York; Manager and 


ROSTER OF PLAYERS* LEAGUE CLUBS. 


133 


Captain, John M. Ward. Players: Andrews, t.; Bierbauer, 

2- b.; Cook, c.; Dailey, c.; Van Haltren, p.; Hayes, c.; 
Joyce, 3-b.; Kenslow, c.; Murphy, p.; McGeachy, f,; Orr, 
i-b.; Seery, f.; Sunday, f.; Weyhing, p.; Ward, s. s. 

Buffalo. —President, M. Shire; Vice-President, J. 
Gilbert; Secretary, C. R. Fitzgerald. Players: Beecher, 
f.; Clark, c.; Carney, f.; Callihan, p.; Ferson, p.; Had¬ 
dock, p.; Hay, f.; Hallegan, c.; Irwin, 3-b.; Keefe, p.; 
Krock, p.; Mack, c.; Rowe, s. s.; Rainey, f.; Wise, 2-b.; 
White, i-b. 

Chicago. —President, John Addison; Vice-President, 
James Murdough; Treasurer, Lot P. Smith; Secretary, 
James P. Hayde; Captain and Manager, Charles A. 
Comiskey. Players: Boyle, c.; Bartsen, p.; Bastian, s. s.; 
Baldwin, p.; Comiskey, i-b.; Duffy, f.; Darling, c.; Will¬ 
iamson, s. s.; Dwyer, p.; Farrell, c.; King, p.; Latham, 

3- b.; O’Neill, f.; Pfeffer, 2-b.; Ryan, f. 

Cleveland. —President, Al. L. Johnson; Vice-Presi¬ 
dent, C. Grover; Secretary, J. J. Coleman. Players: 
Bakely, p.; Brennan, c.; Browning, f.; Faatz, i-b.; Gruber, 

р. ; Hemmings, p.; Larkin, i-b.; McAleer, f.; McKean, 
s. s.; O’Brien, p.; Radford, f.; Sutcliffe, c.; Strieker, 2-b.; 
Snyder, c. (Manager and Captain); Tebeau, 3-b.; Tv. itch- 
ell, f. 

New York. —President, Cornelius Van Cott; Vice- 
President, E. B. Talcott; Secretary, F. B. Robinson; 
Manager and Captain, William Ewing. Players: Brown, 

с. ; Crane, p.; Connor, i-b.; Ewing, c.;J. Ewing, p.; Gore, 


y 

134 UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 

f.; Hatfield, s. s.; Keefe, p.; O’Day, p.; O’Rourke, f.; 
Richardson, 2-b.; Slattery, f.; Vaughn, c.; Whitney, 3-b. 

Philadelphia.— President, H. M. Lane; Secretary, 
James W. Allen; Treasurer and Manager, B. F. Hilt; 
Captain, James G. Fogarty. Players: Buffinton, p.; Cross, 
c.; Cunningham, p.; Farrar, i-b.; Fogarty, f,; Griffin, f.; 
Hallman, c.; Husted, p.; Kilroy, p.; Milligan, c.; Rous, 
2-b.; Sanders, p.; Shindle, 3-b.; Shannon, s. s.; Wood, f.; 
Pickett, 3-b. 

Pittsburgh. —President, W. McCallen; Secretary and 
Treasurer, John K. Tener; Manager and Captain, Ed¬ 
ward Hanlon. Players: Carroll, c.; Corcoran, s. s.; Fields, 
f.; Galvin, p.; Hurley, c.; Hanlon, f.; Kuehne, 3-b.; 
Morris, p.; Maul, p.; Quinn, c.; Robinson, 2-b.; Shaley, 
p.; Tener, p.; Beckley, i-b.; Visner, c. 

Umpires. —J. H. Gaffney, Worcester, Mass.; Robert 
Ferguson, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Alonzo Knight, Boston, 
Mass.; Robert Mathews, Philadelphia, Penn.; Ross 
Barnes, Chicago, Ill.; Thos. F. Gunning, Fall River, 
Mass.; Charles Jones, New York; W. H. Halbert, New 
York. 

ROSTER OF AMERICAN ASSOCIATION CLUBS. 

The officers and players of the American Association 
for the season of 1890 follows: 

Zach. Phelps, Louisville, Ky., President and Secretary. 

Gen. Henry Brinker, Rochester, N. Y., Vice-Presi¬ 
dent. 

Allen W. Thurman, Columbus, Ohio; J. J. O’Neill, 



ROSTER OF AMERICAN ASSOCIATION CLUBS. 135 


St. Louis, Mo.; Zach. Phelps, Louisville, Board of Arbi¬ 
tration. 

Athletic.— President, H. C. Pennypacker; Secretary 
and Treasurer, W. H. Whitaker; Manager, Will Sharsig. 
Players: Collins, Seward, Robinson, Bausewine, Welch, 
Esper, Lyons, Purcell, McMahon, Smith, Kappel, 
O’Brien, Wagner, Kilroy, Fitzgerald, Bowers, Halpin. 

St. Louis. —President, Chris, von der Ahe; Secretary, 
Daniel Reedy; Treasurer, Edward von der Ahe. Play¬ 
ers: Meek, Kane, G. Adams, J. J. Adams, Calvin, Von 
der Brock, Chamberlain, Stivetts, Ramsey, Winscott, 
Sweeney, Darrah, Klusman, W. B. Fuller, Harry Fuller, 
Roseman, McCarthy, Gettingen, Duffee. 

Louisville. —President, Lawrence S. Parsons; Secre¬ 
tary and Treasurer, Thos. J. Batman; Manager, John C. 
Chapman. Players: Harry L. Taylor, P. F. Jones, John 
Keenan, H. F. Goodal, John B. Ryan, Phil. H. Tomney, 
W. B. Weaver, Wm. V. Wolff, D. B. Crewson, Phil. H. 
Ehret, Harry H. Raymond, E. Scott Stratton, Daniel 
Phelan, Chas, Hamburg. 

Toledo. —President and Treasurer, V. H. Ketcham; 
Vice-President, Clarence Brown; Manager, Chas. H. 
Morton. Players: W. C. Alvord, W. J. Van Dyke, E. L. 
Cushman, T. C. Nicholson, F. C. Smith, Leander Abbott, 
Frank Schiebeck, Perry W. Werden, J. S. Sneed, C. E. 
Swartwood, C. W. Sprague, E. Rogers, Harry Sage. 

Columbus. —President, Conrad Born; Vice-President, 
Ralph Lazarus; Treasurer, A. B. Cohen; Secretary, 


136 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 



F. W. Newburg; Manager, A. C. Buckenberger. Players: 

Ed. Bligh, J. Easton, R. Johnson, J. B. Munyan, Chas. -I 

Crooks, John J. Doyle, Chas. T. Reilly, Harry Easterday, | 

Wm. Widner, Samuel A. Nichols, Henry C. Gastright, J 

John O’Connor, James McTamany, Mike Lehane. i 

i 

Syracuse. —President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Man- 
ager, George C. Frazier. Players: Grant Briggs, P. E. 

Dealy, M. Morrison, J. T. Keefe, Dan. Casey, T. B. ‘4 

Lyons, Wm. M. McQuery, Frank McCabe, Clarence L. i 

Childs, B. McLaughlin, J. V. Battin, M. C. Dorgan, W. / 
T. Ely, W. S. Wright, Jos. H. Ramsey. ’ 

Rochester. —President, Henry Brinker; Secretary, S. 

C. Mackaye; Manager, P. T. Powers. Players: R. M. 

Barr, J. J, Fitzgerald, W. Callihan, D. McKeough, ' 

Daniel L. Burke, T. H. O’Brien, W. F. Greenwood, 

Jas. Knowles, Marr Phillips, Harry Lyons, T. C. Griffin, j 
Theo. Scheffler. ^ 

Brooklyn.— President, James M. Kennedy. Players: ^ 

Chas. Reipschlager, James E. Toy, Frank Bowes,- 

Powers, John Lynch, S. J. Toole, W. O’Brien, Joe Ger- j 

hardt, -Sweeney, F. J. Fennelly, J. Peltz, Henry j 

Simon, Ed. Daily. 'i 

Umpires. —Robert D. Emslie, St. Thomas, Ont.; John h| 
T. Hunt, St. Louis, Mo.; T. G. Connell, Philadelphia, 

Penn.; G. W. Barnum, Columbus, Ohio. 






PLAYING RULES. 


13 


i 


PLAYING RULES OF THE NATIONAL 

LEAGUE. 

THE BALL GROUND. 

Rule i. The ground must be an inclosed field, sufficient in size 
to enable each player to play in his position as required by these 
rules. 

Rule 2. The infield must be a space of gp'ound thirty yards 
square. 

THE BASES. 

Rule 3, The bases must be— 

Section i. Four in number, and designated as first base, second 
base, third base, and home base. 

Sec. 2. The home base must be of whitened rubber, twelve inches 
square, so fixed in the' ground as to be even with the surface, and so 
placed in the comer of the infield that two of its sides will form part 
of the boundaries of said infield. 

Sec. 3. The first, second, and third bases must be canvas bags, 
fifteen inches square, painted white, and filled with some soft mate¬ 
rial, and so placed that the center of the second base shall be upon 
its corner of the infield, and the center of the first and third bases 
shall be on the lines running to and from second base, and seven and 
one-half inches from the foul lines, providing that each base shall be 
entirely within the foul lines. 

Sec. 4. All the bases must be securely fastened in their positions, 
and so placed as to be distinctly seen by the umpire. 

the foul lines. 

Rule 4. The foiri lines must be drawn in straight lines from the 
outer corner of the home base, along the outer edge of the first and 
third bases, to the boundaries of the ground. 


138 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


THE POSITION LINES. 

Rule 5. The pitcher’s lines must be straight lines, forming the 
boundaries of a space of ground, in the infield, five and one-half feet 
long by four feet wide, distant fifty feet from the center of the home 
base, and so placed that the five and one-half feet lines would each be 
two feet distant from and parallel with a straight line passing through 
the center of the home and second bases. Each corner of this space 
must be marked by a flat, round, rubber plate, six inches in diameter, 
fixed in the ground even with the surface. 

Rule 6. The catcher’s lines must be drawn from the outer corner 
of the home base, in continuation of the foul lines, straight to the 
limits of the ground back of home base. 

Rule 7. The captain’s or coacher’s line must be a line fifteen feet 
from and parallel with the foul lines, said lines commencing at a 
line parallel with and seventy-five feet distant from the catcher’s lines, 
and running thence to the limits of the ground. 

Rule 8. The players’ lines must be drawn from the catcher’s 
lines to the limits of the ground, fifty feet distant from and parallel 
with the foul lines. 

Rule 9. The batsman’s lines must be straight lines, forming the 
boundaries of a space on the right, and of a similar space on the left 
of the home base, six feet long by four feet wide, extending three 
feet in front of and three feet behind the center of the home base, and 
with its nearest line distant six inches from the home base. 

Rule 10. The three-feet lines must be drawn as follows: From a 
point on the foul line from home base to first base, and equally dis¬ 
tant from such bases, shall be drawn a line, on foul ground, at a right 
angle to said foul line, and to a point three feet distant from it; thence 
running parallel with said foul line to a point three feet distant from 
the first base; thence in a straight line to the foul line, and thence 
upon the foul line to point of beginning. 

Rule ii. The lines designated in Rules 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 
must be marked with chalk or other suitable material, so as to be dis¬ 
tinctly seen by the umpire. They must all be so marked their entire 


PLAYING RULES. 


139 



length, except the captain’s and players’ lines, which must be so 
marked for a distance of at least thirty-five yards from the catcher’s 
lines. 

THE BALL. 

Rule 12 . The ball— 

Section i. Must not weigh less than five nor more than five and 
one-quarter ounces avoirdupois, and measure not less than nine nor 
more than nine and one-quarter inches in circumference. The Spald¬ 
ing League Ball or the Reach American Association Ball must be used 
in all games played under these rules. 

Sec. 2. For each championship game, two balls shall be furnished 
by the home club to the umpire for use. When the ball in play is 
batted over the fence or stands, onto foul ground out of sight of the 
players, the other ball shall be immediately put into play by the 
umpire. As often as one of the two in use shall be lost, a new one 
must be substituted, so that the umpire may at all times after the 
game begins have two for use. The moment the umpire delivers a 
new or alternate ball to the pitcher it comes into play, and shall not 
be exchanged until it in turn passes out of sight onto foul ground. 
At no time shall the ball be intentionally discolored by rubbing it with 
the soil or otherwise. 

Sec. 3. In all games, the ball or balls played with shall be fur¬ 
nished by the home club, and the last ball in play becomes the prop¬ 
erty of the winning club. Each ball to be used in championship 
games shall be examined, measured, and weighed by the secretary of 
the association, inclosed in a paper box, and sealed with the seal of 
the secretary, which seal shall not be broken except by the umpire, in 
the presence of the captains of the two contesting nines, after play has 
been called. 

Sec. 4. Should the ball become out of shape, or cut or ripped so 
as to expose the yarn, or in any way so injured as to be—in the opin¬ 
ion of the umpire—unfit for fair use, the umpire, on being appealed to 
by either captain, shall at once put the alternate ball into play and 
call for^ new one. 


140 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


THE BAT. 

Rule 13. The bat— 

Section i. Must be made wholly of wood, except that the handle 
may be wound with twine, or a granulated substance applied, not to 
exceed eighteen inches from the end. 

Sec. 2. It must be round, except that a portion of the surface 
may be flat on one side, but it must not exceed two and one-half 
inches in diameter in the thickest part, and must not exceed forty- 
two inches in length. 

(In batting against the swift pitching of the period, a 
tough, light bat is the best; and it should be handled 
quickly in striking at the ball, giving the wrists ample 
play, and not hit from the shoulder. A comparatively 
light, quick stroke of the bat meeting a swiftly thrown 
ball will frequently send it out of reach of the outfield¬ 
ers, while a safe tap of the ball will send it clear of the 
infielders, and prevent a catch in the outfield, unless the 
latter are playing very close in.) 

the players and their positions. 

Rule 14. The players of each club in a game shall be nine in 
number, one of whom shall act as captain; and in no case shall less 
than nine men be allowed to play on each side. 

Rule 15. The players’ positions shall be such as may be assigned 
them by their captain, except that the pitcher must take his position 
within the pitcher’s lines, as defined in Rule 5. When in position on 
the field, all players will be designated “ fielders ” in these rules. 

(The field side is not complete without nine men in 
the field. The captain can place his men as he likes, 
even to the extent of playing one of the outfielders as 
right short; but the ball can only be thrown to the bat 
from the pitcher’s regular position.) 


PLAYING RULES. 


141 


Rule i6. Players in uniform shall not be permitted to seat them¬ 
selves among the spectators. 

Rule 17. Every club shall be required to adopt uniforms for its 
players, and each player shall be required to present himself upon 
the field during said game in a neat and cleanly condition; but no 
player shall attach anything to the sole or heel of his shoes other than 
the ordinary base-ball shoe-plate. 

THE pitcher’s POSITION. 

Rule 18. The pitcher shall take his position facing the batsman, 
with both feet square on the ground, one foot on the rear line of the 
“box.” He shall not raise either foot, unless in the act of delivering 
the ball, nor make more than one step in such delivery. He 
shall hold the ball, before the delivery, fairly in front of his body, 
and in sight of the umpire. When the pitcher feigns to throw the 
ball to a base, he must resume the above position, and pause mo¬ 
mentarily before delivering the ball to the bat. 

(The pitcher must bear in mind the fact that if he 
lifts his rear foot from off the back line of his position 
before he delivers the ball, or before it leaves his hand, 
he violates the rule, as in such case he takes two steps 
in delivery, whereas the rule confines him to but one 
step. It is immaterial whether he lifts his rear foot or 
not after the ball leaves his hand. In every instance of 
his making a feint to throw to first base, he must after¬ 
ward make a pause and take his original standing posi¬ 
tion before he throws the ball to the bat.) 

THE batsmen’s POSITION—ORDER OF BATTING. 

Rule 19. The batsmen must take their positions within the bats¬ 
men’s lines, as defined in Rule 9, in the order in which they are 
named on the score, which must contain the batting order of both 
nines, and be submitted by the captains of the opposing teams to the 


142 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


umpire before the game; and when approved by him, this score must 
be followed, except in the case of a substitute player, in which case the 
substitute must take the place of the original player in the batting 
order. After the first inning, the first striker in each inning shall be 
the batsman whose name follows that of the last man who has com¬ 
pleted his turn—time at bat—in the preceding inning. 

(The “score” referred to in the rule is the printed or 
written order of batting handed to the umpire by the 
captain when the game is about to begin, and it can not 
afterward be changed in its order except in the case of 
a substitute player taking his place in the nine, in which 
case he bats in the same order as that of the retired 
player.) 

Rule 20. Section i. When their side goes to the bat, the 
players must immediately return to and seat themselves upon the 
players’ bench, and remain there until the side is put out, except 
when batsman or base-runner. All bats not in use must be kept in 
the bat-racks, and the two players next succeeding the batsman, in 
the order in which they are named on the score, must be ready with 
bat in hand to promptly take position as batsman; provided, that the 
captain and one assistant only may occupy the space between the 
players’ lines and the captain’s lines to coach base-runners. 

(No player has a right to leave the players’ bench 
except when called to the bat. Neither have they the 
right to put their bats on the ground when not using 
them in their position at the bat. In the case of the 
captain and his coaching assistant only, can any player 
leave the bench when not at the bat. Umpires should 
see that this rule is strictly enforced.) 

Sec. 2 . No player of the side at bat, except when batsman, shall 
occupy any portion of the space within the catcher’s lines, as defined 


PLAYING RULES. 


143 


in Rule 6, The triangular space behind the home base is reserved 
for the exclusive use of the umpire, catcher, and batsman, and the 
umpire must prohibit any player of the side “at bat” from cross¬ 
ing the same at any time while the ball is in the hands of, or passing 
between, the pitcher and catcher while standing in their positions. 

Sec. 3. The players of the side “at bat” must occupy the por¬ 
tion of the field allotted them, but must speedily vacate any portion 
thereof that may be in the way of the ball, or of any fielder attempt¬ 
ing to catch or field it. 

players’ benches. 

Rule 21. The players’ benches must be furnished by the home 
club, and placed upon a portion of the ground outside the players’ 
lines. They must be twelve feet in length, and must be immovably 
fastened to the ground. At the end of each bench must be immov¬ 
ably fixed a bat-rack, with fixtures for holding twenty bats; one such 
rack must be designated for the exclusive use of the visiting club, and 
the other for the exclusive use of the home club. 

THE GAME. 

Rule 22. Section i. Every championship game must be com¬ 
menced not later than two hours before sunset. 

Sec. 2. A game shall consist of nine innings to each contesting 
nine, except that— 

(a) If the side first at bat scores less runs in nine innings than the 
other side has scored in eight innings, the game shall then terminate. 

(b) If the side last at bat in the ninth inning scores the winning 
run before the third man is out, the game shall terminate. 

(During the closing months of the season, the umpire 
should keep himself well posted as to the almanac time 
for sunset on the days of the month, so as to be ready to 
call play at least two hours before the official time for 
sunset. The moment the winning run in a game is 
made, that moment the contest ends, and the umpire 








144 UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 

must call “Game.” For instance, if there be no man 
out, and a runner on third base, and the score a tie, and 
a home-run hit is made, the moment the home base is 
touched by the runner from third, the game ends, and 
only a single hit can be credited to the batsman.) 

A TIE GAME. 

Rule 23. If the score be a tie at the end of nine innings to each 
side, play shall only be continued until the side first at bat shall have 
scored one or more runs than the other side, in an equal number of 
innings, or until the other side shall score one or more runs than the 
side first at bat. 

A DRAWN GAME. 

Rule 24. A drawn game shall be declared by the umpire when 
he terminates a game on account of darkness or rain, after five equal 
innings have been played, if the score at the time is equal on the last 
even innings played; but if the side that went second to bat is then 
at the bat, and has scored the same number of runs as the other side, 
the umpire shall declare the game drawn, without regard to the score 
of the last equal innings. 

(For instance, if the fifth innings has ended, and the 
sixth has been commenced, and the score is six to five at 
the end of the first part of the sixth innings, and the 
side second at the bat have but five runs to their credit, 
and before a hand is out a run ties the game, and rain 
or darkness obliges the umpire to call the game, the 
contest becomes a drawn game. But if the score at the 
end of the fifth even innings is equal, and the side first 
at the bat fail to score, and their opponents then get in 
one run before a hand is out, and the umpire then calls 
the game on account of rain or darkness, the side last 
at the bat wins.) 


PLAYING RULES. 


145 


A CALLED GAME. 

Rule 25. If the umpire calls “ Game ” on account of darkness or 
rain at any time after five innings have been completed by both sides, 
the score shall be that of the last equal innings played, unless the 
side second at bat shall have scored one or more runs than the side 
first at bat, in which case the score of the game shall be the total 
number of runs made. 

(When the side first at the bat have completed their 
innings, and the score be equal, and the side last at 
the bat then make one run before a hand is out, and the 
game be then called by the umpire, the side last at the 
bat wins.) 

A FORFEITED GAME. 

Rule 26. A forfeited game shall be declared by the umpire in 
favor of the club not in fault, at the request of such club, in the fol¬ 
lowing cases: 

Section i. If the nine of a club fail to appear upon a field, or, 
being upon the field, fail to begin the game within five minutes after 
the umpire has called “ Play,” at the hour appointed for the begin¬ 
ning of the game, unless such delay in appearing or in commencing 
the game be unavoidable. 

(The “ unavoidable ” delay above mentioned means a 
detention caused by the breaking down of any convey¬ 
ance, or that resulting from any accident on a railroad.) 

Sec. 2. If, after the game has begun, one side refuses or fails to 
continue playing, unless such game has been suspended or termi¬ 
nated by the umpire. 

Sec. 3. If, after play has been suspended by the umpire, one 
side fails to resume playing within one rninute after the umpire has 
called “Play.” 

(This is a very important rule, as it gives the umpire 

full power to put a stop to the unnecessary delays caused 

10 


146 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


by continuous disputing of the umpire’s decisions. 
When delays are “points” to play in the game, in the 
case of an approaching shower, or of darkness, and these 
delays can be obtained by constant kicking, the umpire 
is em.powered to call play the moment he renders every 
decision, and if the kicking is continued one single min¬ 
ute thereafter, the game becomes forfeited under the 
rule.) 

Sec. 4. If, in the opinion of the umpire, any one of these rules 
is willfully violated. 

Sec. 5. If, after ordering the removal of a player, as authorized 
by Rule 57, Sec. 5, said order is not obeyed within five minutes. 

Sec. 6. In case the umpire declares a game forfeited, he shall 
transmit a written notice thereof to the president of the association 
within twenty-four hours thereafter. 

NO GAME. 

Rule 27. “No game” shall be declared by the umpire if he 
shall terminate play, on account of rain or darkness, before five 
innings on each side are completed. 

(It is absolutely essential that five innings on each side 
shall have been played to a finish, and the sixth about to 
be commenced, before the game can legally be ended as 
a game. In any other case, “ No game ” must be called 
by the umpire, such as in the instance of the second part 
of the fifth innings not being completed.) 

SUBSTITUTES. 

Rule 28. Section i. In every championship game, each team 
shall be required to have present on the field, in uniform, at least two 
or more substitute players. 

Sec. 2. Two players, whose names shall be printed on the score- 
card as extra players, may be substituted at any time by either club. 


PLAYING RULES. 


147 


but no player so retired shall thereafter participate in the game. In 
addition thereto, a substitute may be allowed at any time in place of 
a player disabled in the game then being played, by reason of illness 
or injury, of the nature and extent of which the umpire shall be the 
sole judge. 

(This is a very important rule, and the changes intro¬ 
duced require to be well understood. Under this rule, 
as it now is, the captain of either nine is given the power 
to introduce three distinct pitchers in the game, viz., the 
one originally named in the batting order, and two extra 
men; or, he can change his battery entire, by substi¬ 
tuting a pitcher and catcher. This, too, is independent 
of any substitution of players for those who may be dis¬ 
abled by illness or injury. These changes of players in 
putting in extra men, too, can be made at any period of 
an innings or of a game.) 

Sec. 3. The base-runner shall not have a substitute run for him, 
except by consent of the captains of the contesting teams. 

(A substitute for a base-runner—and he only—can 
only be introduced by consent of the opposing nine’s 
captain. If he refuses, that ends it. He can, of course, 
designate the particular substitute he allows to run.) 

CHOICE OF INNINGS—CONDITION OF GROUND. 

Rule 29. The choice of innings shall be given to the captain of 
the home club, who shall also be the sole judge of the fitness of the 
ground for beginning a game after rain. 

(The advantage in the choice of innings lies with the 
side who go in last at the bat. The captain of the home 
team is sole judge of the fitness of the field for begin¬ 
ning a game, as to its being too wet or muddy, etc. But 




148 UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 

after “ Play ” is called, and a shower wets the field again, 
the umpire then becomes the sole judge as to whether 
the field is in proper condition to resume play or not.) 

THE DELIVERY OF THE BALL—FAIR AND UNFAIR BALLS. 

Rule 30. A fair ball is a ball delivered by the pitcher while 
standing wholly within the lines of his position, and facing the bats¬ 
man; the ball, so delivered, to pass over the home base, not lower than 
the batsman’s knee, nor higher than his shoulder. 

Rule 31. An unfair ball is a ball delivered by the pitcher, as in 
Rule 30, except that the ball does not pass over the home base, or 
does pass over the home base, above the batsman’s shoulder, or below 
the knee., 

(There are two classes of '■'■fair ” balls referred to in 
the rules, one of which is the “fair ball ” mentioned as 
touching fair ground from the bat, and the fair ball 
referred to in Rule 30. It would be well to call the lat¬ 
ter a good ball, as of old, leaving the term “ fair ” ball 
to refer solely to balls hit to fair ground. The umpire, 
in judging the range of balls—as referred to in Rule 31 
—should bear in mind the fact that the rule requires the 
ball to be below the knee, and above the shoulder, to be 
an unfair ball. If it comes in on the line of the knee 
or the shoulder, it is a legal ball.) 

BALKING. 

Rule 32. A balk is— 

Section i. Any motion made by the pitcher to deliver the ball 
to the bat without delivering it, and shall be held to include any and 
every accustomed motion with the hands, arms, or feet, or position of 
the body assumed by the pitcher in his delivery of the ball, and any 
motion calculated to deceive a base-runner, except the ball be acci¬ 
dentally dropped. 


PLAYING RULES. 


149 


Sec. 2. The holding of the ball by the pitcher so long as to delay 
the game unnecessarily; or, 

Sec. 3. Any motion to deliver the ball, or the delivering the ball 
to the bat by the pitcher, when any part of his person is upon ground 
outside of the lines of his position, including all preliminary motions 
with the hands, arms, and feet. 

(The balk rule was violated last season by umpires, 
both in the league and the association, and the result 
was a poorer record of base-running than in 1888. In 
the first place, the pitcher was frequently allowed to be 
too slow in his delivery, thereby violating Sec. 2 of 
the above rule. Then, too, he was allowed to violate 
the first section, in making motions well calculated to 
deceive the base-runner, which the rule explicitly pro¬ 
hibits. The pitcher commits a balk every time he makes 
any movement of his arms or his body, such as he is reg¬ 
ularly accustomed to in his method of delivery, and then 
fails to deliver the ball to the catcher immediately; and 
if he make any one of these preliminary motions, and 
then throws to first base to catch a runner napping, or 
makes a feint to throw, he unquestionably makes a balk. 
The base-runner on a base is alone entitled to a base on 
a balk, in all cases where the pitcher makes a motion to 
deliver the ball to the bat, and fails to do so. The bats¬ 
man is only entitled to a base on a balk when the ball is 
actually delivered to the bat after the pitcher has stepped 
outside the lines of his position, or has made two steps 
in his delivery, or has failed to make a pause and to 
stand in his position, after making a feint to throw to a 
base. Of course, when the batsman is given a base on a 
balk, every runner on a base takes a base also. 


150 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL CxUIDE. 


DEAD BALLS. 

Rule 33, A dead ball is a ball delivered to the bat by the pitcher 
that touches the batsman’s bat without being struck at, or any part of 
the batsman’s person or clothing, while standing in his position, with¬ 
out being struck at; or any part of the umpire’s person or clothing, 
while on foul ground, without first passing the catcher. 

(The umpire should be careful in watching the action 
of the batsman when attempting to “bunt” the ball— 
i. e.^ to let the thrown ball strike the bat—so as to be 
sure that it is not a “bunt,” but an accidental hit, and 
consequently a dead ball.) 

Rule 34. In case of a foul strike, foul-hit ball not legally caught 
out, dead ball, or base-runner put out for being struck by a fair-hit 
ball, the ball shall not be considered in play until it is held by the 
pitcher standing in his position. 

BLOCK BALLS. 

Rule 35. Section i. A block is a batted or thrown ball that 
is stopped or handled by any person not engaged in the game. 

Sec. 2. Whenever a block occurs, the umpire shall declare it, and 
base-runners may run the bases, without being put out, until the ball 
has been returned to and held by the pitcher standing in his position. 

Sec. 3. In the case of a block, if the person not engaged in the 
game should retain possession of the ball, or throw or kick it beyond 
the reach of the fielders, the umpire should call “Time,” and require 
each base-runner to stop at the last base touched by him until the ball 
be returned to the pitcher standing in his position. 

(The umpire is requested to watch all play likely to 
result in a “ block” ball, very carefully, and to promptly 
call “ Block ball ” in a loud voice the moment the block 
occurs; and be very prompt in calling time in the case 
of any such action of an outfielder as that referred to in 


PLAYING RULES. 


151 


Sec. 3 Oi the rule. The ball is not in play after a 
“ block ” has been called by the umpire, until the ball is 
held by the pitcher while standing in his box. When¬ 
ever the pitcher sees that a “ block ” is likely to occur, 
he should remain in his box until the ball is fielded in.) 

THE SCORING OF RUNS. 

Rule 36. One run shall be scored every time a base-runner, after 
having legally touched the first three bases, shall touch the home base 
before three men are put out. Exception: If the third man is 
forced out, or is put out before reaching first base, a run shall not be 
scored. 

(If, when two men are out, a base hit is made while 
a runner is on second base and none at first base, and 
the runner on second is caught napping between second 
and third, and the runner on third reaches home before 
the runner caught between bases is touched out, the run 
counts; but if, under somewhat similar circumstances, 
there is also a runner on first as well as second, in such 
case all that is necessary for the base-player at third is 
to hold the ball there before the runner from third gets 
home, to prevent the run from counting, as, in such case, 
the runner from second to third is forced off, and there 
is no necessity to run him down to touch him.) 

THE BATTING RULES. 

Rule 37. A fair hit is a ball batted by the batsman, standing in 
his position, that first touches the ground, the first base, the third 
base, any part of the person of a player, umpire, or any other object 
that is in front of or on either side of the foul lines, or batted directly 
to the ground by the batsman, standing in his position, that (whether 
it first touches foul or fair ground) bounds or rolls, within the foul 


152 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


lines between home and first or home and third bases, without inter¬ 
ference by a player. 

Rule 38. A foul hit is a ball batted by the batsman, standing in 
his position, that first touches the ground, any part of the person of 
a player, or any other object that is behind either of the foul lines, or 
that strikes the person of such batsman, while standing in his position, 
or batted directly to the ground by the batsman, standing in his posi¬ 
tion, that (whether it first touches foul or fair ground) bounds or rolls 
outside the foul lines between home and first or home and third 
bases, without interference by a player; Provided, that a foul hit not 
rising above the batsman’s head, and caught by the catcher playing 
within ten feet of the home base, shall be termed a foul tip. 

(There is a very important difference between a ball 
hit directly from the bat to the ground and a ball hit 
into the air from the bat. In the former case, the char¬ 
acter of the hit ball, as to its being fair or foul, is 
decided entirely by the fact of its rolling or bounding 
from fair ground to foul^ or from foul ground to fair. 
But in the case of a ball hit in the air it becomes fair or 
foul from its first touching fair or foul ground, no matter 
in what direction it may afterward roll. In the case of 
a ball batted direct to the ground, the fielder should not 
touch the ball until it has stopped rolling. For only 
then is it settled either as a fair or foul ball. But if he 
does pick it up before it stops, it becomes fair or foul 
according to whether the fielder is standing upon fair or 
foul ground at the time he fields the ball.) 

BALLS BATTED OUTSIDE THE GROUNDS. 

Rule 39. When a batted ball passes outside the grounds, the 
umpire shall decide it fair should it disappear within, or foul should 
it disappear outside of the range of the foul lines, and Rules 3 7 and 38 
are to be construed accordingly. 


PLAYING RULES. 


153 


Rule 40. A fair batted ball that goes over the fence at a less dis¬ 
tance than two hundred and ten feet from home base shall entitle the 
batsman to two bases, and a distinctive line shall be marked on the 
fence at this point. 

(The latter rule is intended to govern the batting on 
ball grounds not sufficiently large in the outfield for 
ordinary outfield play.) 

STRIKES. 

Rule 41. A strike is— 

Section i. A ball struck at by the batsman without its touching 
his bat; or, 

Sec. 2. A fair ball legally delivered by the pitcher, but not struck 
at by the batsman. 

Sec. 3. Any obvious attempt to make a foul hit. 

Rule 42. A foul strike is a ball batted by the batsman when any 
part of his person is upon ground outside the lines of the batsman’s 
position. 

(An ‘^obvious attempt” to hit the ball foul would 
occur if the batsman turned round and attempted to hit 
the ball just as it had passed him to the left of his posi¬ 
tion. It should be understood that no attempt to bunt 
a ball can be justly construed as an effort to hit a foul 
ball intentionally.) 

THE BATSMAN IS OUT. 

Rule 43. The batsman is out— 

Section i. If he fails to take his position at the bat in his order 
of batting, unless the error be discovered and the proper batsman takes 
his position before a fair hit has been made; and in such case the balls 
and strikes called must be counted in the time at bat of the proper 
batsman. Provided, this rule shall not take effect unless the out is 
declared before the ball is delivered to the succeeding batsman. 


154 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


(If the wrong batsman goes to the bat, and he makes a 
fair hit before the error is discovered and declared, the 
change of batsmen can not be made until the turn at the 
bat comes round again. In all cases the out must be 
declared before another ball is thrown to the bat.) 

Sec. 2. If he fails to take his position within one minute after the 
umpire has called for the batsman. 

(If there be any attempt to gain time by delays in 
batsmen going to the bat, the umpire should have his 
watch in hand, ready to note the time, and promptly 
declare the dilatory batsman out on the expiration of the 
one minute.) 

Sec. 3. If he makes a foul hit, other than a foul tip as defined in 
Rule 38, and the ball be momentarily held by a fielder before touching 
the ground, provided it be not caught in a fielder’s hat or cap, or touch 
some object other than a fielder, before being caught. 

Sec. 4. If he makes a foul strike. 

Sec. 5. If he attempts to hinder the catcher from fielding the 
ball, evidently without effort to make a fair hit. 

(The action of the batsman should be closely watched 
in this regard, when a runner is on first base and the 
catcher is trying to throw him out.) 

Sec. 6. If, while the first base be occupied by a base-runner, 
three strikes be called on him by the umpire, except when two men 
are already out. 

(It makes no difference whether the catcher holds the 
ball on the fly or not, after the third strike has been 
called, the striker is out when there is a runner on first 
base, and only one man out when the third strike is 
called. In all other cases the catch must be made in 


PLAYING RULES. 


155 



order to put him out, or otherwise the catcher has to try 
to throw him out at first base.) 

Sec. 7. If, while making the third strike, the ball hits his person 
or clothing. 

(In Other words, if he strikes at an in-shoot ball after 
two strikes have been called, and the ball—without 
touching the bat—hits his person or clothing, he can not 
be given his base on being hit by a pitched ball, and 
neither can the ball be called dead, or it must be de¬ 
clared the third strike, and the batsman declared out.) 

Sec. 8. If, after two strikes have been called, the batsman obvi¬ 
ously attempts to make a foul hit, as in Section 3, Rule 41. 

BASE-RUNNING RULES. 

WHEN THE BATSMAN BECOMES A BASE-RUNNER. 

Rule 44. The batsman becomes a base-runner— 

Section i. Instantly after he makes a fair hit. 

Sec. 2. Instantly after four balls have been called by the umpire. 

Sec. 3. Instantly after three strikes have been declared by the 
umpire. 

Sec. 4. If, while he be a batsman, his person or clothing be hit 
by a ball from the pitcher, unless—in the opinion of the umpire—he 
intentionally permits himself to be so hit. 

Sec. 5. Instantly after an illegal delivery of a ball by the pitcher, 

(An illegal delivery of the ball is made whenever the 
pitcher delivers the ball to the bat, after stepping out¬ 
side the lines of his position; or for failing to pause 
before sending the ball to the bat, after making a feint 
to throw to first base; or, after raising his rear foot from 
the ground before the ball leaves his hand. The ordi- 


156 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 




nary balk, however, does not give the batsman his base, 
but only the runners.) 

BASES TO BE TOUCHED. 

Rule 45. The base-runner must touch each base in regular 
order, viz,: First, second, third, and home bases; and when obliged 
to return (except on a foul hit), must retouch the base, or bases, in 
reverse order. He shall only be considered as holding a base after 
touching it, and shall then be entitled to hold such base until he has 
legally touched the next base in order, or has been legally forced to 
vacate it for a succeeding base-runner. 

(There is an exception to the latter part of the rule, 
and that is, in the case of a runner being on first and 
second bases, or second and third bases, and an attempt 
to steal bases is made. For instance, suppose the run¬ 
ner on third attempts to steal home, and the runner on 
second, in the interim, runs to third, and touches that 
base; under the ordinary working of the rule, he would 
be entitled to hold that base; but, in this exceptional 
case, if the runner trying to steal home finds that he 
can not do it successfully, and tries and succeeds in 
getting back to third base, he is entitled to that base; 
and the runner from second to third, who has touched 
and held third, must return to second, and if touched 
while standing on third base, he is out.) 

ENTITLED TO BASES, 

Rule 46. The base-runner shall be entitled, without being put 
out, to take the base in the following cases— 

Section i. If, while he was batsman, the umpire called four 
balls. 

Sec. 2. If the umpire awards a succeeding batsman a base on 
four balls, or for being hit with a pitched ball, or in case of an illegal 


PLAYING RULES. 


157 


delivery—as in Rule 44, Sec. 5—and the base-runner is thereby 
forced to vacate the base held by him. 

Sec. 3. If the umpire calls a “ balk.” 

Sec. 4. If a ball delivered by the pitcher passes the catcher and 
touches the umpire or any fence or building within ninety feet of the 
home base.. 

Sec. 5. If, upon a fair hit, the ball strikes the person or clothing 
of the umpire on fair ground. ' 

(This is intended to apply when the double umpire 
plan is in use.) 

Sec. 6. If he be prevented from making a base by the obstruction 
of an adversar}^ 

Sec. 7. If a fielder stop or catch a batted ball with his hat, or 
any part of his dress. 

(This “obstruction of an adversary” has two distinct 
meanings under the rules. Of course, when the base- 
player holds the ball in his hand ready to touch an 
advancing adversary, he stands in the runner’s way, and 
virtually obstructs his adversary; but in this case it is a 
legal obstruction. But when he does not hold the ball, 
and then in any way obstructs a runner, the latter can 
not be put out, even if afterward touched off the base.) 

RETURNING TO BASES. 

Rule 47. The base-runner shall return to his base, and shall be 
entitled to so return without being put out— 

Section i. If the umpire declares a foul tip (as defined in Rule 
38) or any other foul hit not legally caught by a fielder. 

Sec. 2. If the umpire declares a foul strike. 

Sec. 3. If the umpire declares a dead ball, unless it be also the 
fourth unfair ball, and he be thereby forced to take the next base, as 
provided in Rule 46, Sec. 2. 


158 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


Sec. 4. If the person or clothing of the umpire interferes with 
the catcher, or he is struck by a ball thrown by the catcher to intercept 
a base-runner. 

\VHEx\ BASE-RUNNERS ARE OUT, 

Rule 48. The base-runner is out— 

Section i. If, after three strikes have been declared against him 
while batsman, and the catcher fails to catch the third strike ball, he 
plainly attempts to hinder the catcher from fielding the ball. 

Sec. 2. If, having made a fair hit while batsman, such fair-hit 
ball be momentarily held by a fielder before touching the ground or 
any object other than a fielder: Provided, it be not caught in a field¬ 
er’s hat or cap. 

Sec. 3. If, when the umpire has declared three strikes on him 
while batsman, the third strike ball be momentarily held by a fielder 
before touching the ground: Provided, it be not caught in a fielder’s 
hat or cap, or touch some object other than a fielder, before being 
caught. 

Sec. 4. If, after three strikes, or a fair hit, he be touched with 
the ball in the hand of a fielder before such base-runner touches first 
base. 

(If the base-runner from home to first base reaches 
the base—that is, touches it—at the same moment that 
the fielder holds the ball on the base, the runner is not 
out. It must be plain to the umpire that the ball is held 
by the fielder before the runner touches the base, or he 
is not out.) 

Sec. 5. If, after three strikes or a fair hit, the ball be securely 
held by a fielder, while touching first base with any part of his per¬ 
son, before such base-runner touches first base. 

Sec. 6. If, in running the last half of the distance from home 
base to first base, he runs outside the three-feet lines, as defined in 
Rule 10; e.xcept that he must do so if necessary to avoid a fielder 



PLAYING RULES. 159 

attempting to field a batted ball, and in such case shall not be declared 
out. 

(Umpires should closely watch the runner from home 
to first to see that he does not touch fair ground in run¬ 
ning along the pathway, for if he does, he must be 
declared out. Runners frequently run off the path, 
touching fair ground, and when they do, they are out.) 

Sec. 7. If, in running from first to second base, from second to 
third base, or from third to home base, he runs more than three feet from 
a direct line between such bases to avoid being touched by the ball in 
the hands of a fielder; but in case a fielder be occupying the base- 
runner’s proper path, attempting to field a batted ball, then the base- 
runner shall run out of the path, and behind said fielder, and shall 
not be declared out for so doing. 

(The running out of the reach of a fielder holding the 
ball ready to touch a runner, must be plainly done 
beyond the distance of three feet to put the runner out. 
It makes no matter how far he runs off the line, except 
the fielder holds the ball in his hand and reaches out to 
touch the runner. If the runner is near the fielder while 
the latter is attempting to field the ball, then the runner 
must run out of his reach in order to avoid obstructing 
him.) 

Sec. 8. If he fails to avoid a fielder attempting to field a batted 
ball, in the manner described in Sections 6 and 7 of this rule; or if 
he in any way obstructs a fielder attempting to field a batted ball, or 
intentionally interferes with a thrown ball: Provided, that if two or 
more fielders attempt to field a batted ball, and the base-runner comes 
in contact with one or more of them, the umpire shall determine 
which fielder is entitled to the benefit of this rule, and shall not 
decide the base-runner out for coming in contact with any other 
fielder. 







160 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


(This obstructing a fielder is a very important matter 
for the umpire’s decision, and it requires the closest 
attention. For instance, suppose a fielder is under a fly- 
ball which is falling on the line of the bases; in such 
case, the runner has no right of way on the base path, 
but must run on one side of the fielder to avoid obstruct¬ 
ing him in making the catch. This rule applies in all 
cases of fielding a batted ball; but the base-runner can 
not intentionally interfere with a fielder attempting to 
field a thrown ball, and such interference is at all times 
intentional where it could readily have been avoided, 
such as purposely getting in the way of a thrown ball so 
that it might strike him on the back, or putting up his 
hand to cause it to glance off his arm, etc.) 

Sec. 9. If, at any time while the ball is in play, he be touched by 
the ball in the hands of a fielder, unless some part of his person is 
touching a base he is entitled to occupy; Provided, the ball be held 
by the fielder after touching him; but (exception as to first base), in 
running to first base, he may overrun said base without being put out 
for being off said base, after first touching it, provided he returns at 
once and retouches the base, after which he may be put out as at any 
other base. If, in overrunning first base, he also attempts to run to 
second base, or, after passing the base, he turns to his left from the 
foul line, he shall forfeit such exemption from being put out. 

(So long as the runner overrunning first base keeps 
on the right side of the foul line, he is entitled to 
exemption from being put out in returning; but the 
moment he crosses the foul line, he forfeits such exemp¬ 
tion. In attempting to run to second base, after over¬ 
running first, he is not required to return to first and 
retouch that base before running to second.) 


PLAYING RULES. 


161 


Sec. io. If, when a fair or foul hit ball (other than a foul tip as 
referred to in Rule 38) is legally caught by a fielder, such ball is 
legally held by a fielder on the base occupied by the base-runner 
when such ball was struck (or the base-runner be touched with the 
ball in the hands of a fielder), before he retouches said base after such 
fair or foul hit ball was so caught: Provided, that the base-runner 
shall not be out in such case, if, after the ball was legally caught as 
above, it be delivered to the bat by the pitcher before the fielder holds 
it on said base, or touches the base-runner with it; but if the base- 
runner, in attempting to reach a base, detaches it before being touched 
or forced out, he shall be declared safe. 

(On all fair or foul fly-balls caught, runners on bases 
who leave a base the moment such ball was hit, must 
return to them at once, and if the fielder catching the 
fly-ball throws it to the base-player in time before the 
runner can get back, a double play is made, the batsman 
being out on the catch, and the runner on the base.) 

Sec. II. If, when a batsman becomes a base-runner, the first 
base, or the first and second bases, or the first, second, and third 
bases be occupied, any base-runner so occupying a base shall cease to 
be entitled to hold it, until any following base-runner is put out, and 
may be put out at the next base, or by being touched by the ball in 
the hands of a fielder in the same manner as in running to first base, 
at any time before any following base-runner is put out. 

(The base-runners in such case are “ forced ” off the 
bases they occupy by the batsman’s fair hit, and they 
can be put out at the base they are forced to run to, jdst 
the same as in running to first base, simply by the player 
holding the ball on the base.) 

Sec. 12. If a fair-hit ball strike him before touching the fielder; 
and in such case no base shall be run unless forced by the batsman 
becoming a base-runner, and no run shall be scored, or any other 
base-runner put out. 

11 






162 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


(The change in the rules prevents the double play 
which could be made under the rule of 1889. For 
instance, if a ball from the bat struck the runner run¬ 
ning from first to second, the fielder fielding the ball 
could throw it to first base in time to put the striker 
out. Under the new rule, only the runner who is hit by 
the batted ball—and before it touches a fielder—can be 
put out.) 

Sec. 13. If, when running to a base or forced to return to a base, 
he fail to touch the intervening base or bases, if any, in the order pre¬ 
scribed in Rule 45, he may be put out at the base he fails to touch, 
or by being touched by the ball in the hands of a fielder, in the same 
manner as in running to first base. 

(In returning to a base on a foul ball, the runner is 
not obliged to touch the intervening bases. Thus, if the 
batsman hit a ball to the outfield on which he runs to 
third, and the ball be declared foul, the runner can 
return direct to home base, without retouching second 
and first.) 

Sec, 14. If, when the umpire calls “ Play,” after any suspension 
of a game, he fails to return to and touch the base he occupied when 
“ Time” was called, before touching the next base. 

(The call of “ Time ” by the umpire deadens the ball, 
and until “ Play ” is called, runners can not leave the 
bases they were holding when time was called.) 

WHEN BATSMAN OR BASE-RUNNER IS OUT. 

Rule 49. The umpire shall declare the batsman or base-runner 
out, without waiting for an appeal for such decision, in all cases where 
such player is put out in accordance with these rules, except as pro¬ 
vided in Rule 48, Secs. 10 and 14. 


PLAYING RULES. 


163 


(The umpire should be required to declare how the 
batsman or base-runner was put out in all cases. It is 
the most satisfactory.) 

COACHING RULES. 

Rule 50. The captains and coachers are restricted in coaching 
to the base-runner only, and are not allowed to address any remarks 
except to the base-runner, and then only in words of necessary direc¬ 
tion; and no player shall use language which will in any manner 
refer to or reflect upon a player of the opposing club, or the audience. 
To enforce the above, the captain of the opposite side may call the 
attention of the umpire to the offense, and upon a repetition of the 
same, the club shall be debarred from further coaching during the 
game. 

(The noisy coaching in vogue last season is a nuisance 
the umpire should put a stop to. It is plainly not 
“ words in necessary direction,” but is intended solely to . 
annoy the pitcher. If the rule is violated, the penalty 
is that the side on which the fault lies is prohibited 
from further coaching during the game.) 

THE UMPIRE. 

Rule 51. The umpire shall not be changed during the progress 
of a game, except for reason of illness or injury. 

HIS POWERS AND JURISDICTION. 

Rule 52. Section i. The umpire is master of the field from 
the commencement to the termination of the game, and is entitled to 
the respect of the spectators, and any person offering any insult or 
indignity to him must be promptly ejected from the grounds. 

Sec. 2. He must be invariably addressed by the players as Mr. 
Umpire; and he must compel the players to observe the provisions of 
all the Playing Rules; and he is hereby invested with authority to 


164 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


order any player to do or omit to do any act he may deem necessary 
to give force and effect to any and all of such provisions. 

(The power of deciding all points of play, whether 
covered by the rules expressly or not, is given the 
umpire in Section 2 of the above rule, in which he is 
empowered to order any player “ to do or omit to do ” 
any act he may deem necessary to give force and effect 
to the spirit of the Code of Rules. In fact, as stated in 
the rule—the umpire is master of the field from the first 
innings of the game to the last.) 

SPECIAL DUTIES. 

Rule 53. The umpire’s duties shall be as follows— 

Section i. The umpire is the sole and absolute judge of play. 
In no instance shall any person be allowed to question the correct¬ 
ness of any decision made by him, except the captains of the contending 
nines, and no other player shall at such time leave his position in the 
field, his place at the bat, on the bases, or players’ bench, to approach 
or address the umpire, in word or act, upon such disputed decision. 
Neither shall any manager or other officers of either club—except the 
captains as before mentioned—be permitted to go upon the field, or 
address the umpire in regard to such disputed decision, under a 
penalty of a forfeiture of the game to the opposing club. The 
umpire shall in no case appeal to any spectator for information in 
regard to any case, and shall not reverse his decision on any point of 
play on the testimony of any player or bystander. 

(This rule has hitherto been violated with impunity 
each season, and it is high time that it be strictly carried 
out to the letter. It expressly prohibits any player from 
speaking to the umpire during a game, except the cap¬ 
tain, and the latter even has no right to dispute a single 
decision in a game in which a simple error of judgment 


PLAYING RULE§. 


165 


is alone involved, such as in the case of a base-runner 
being touched while off a base or not, or as to the char¬ 
acter of a ball delivered by the pitcher to the bat, which 
he may justly or unjustly decide a called ball or a strike. 
In all such cases, the captain has no right to address a 
word to the umpire, under this rule, except to ask for 
judgment. The utter uselessness of disputing decisions 
involving only errors of judgment is shown in the fact 
that no such decision can be reversed. Only when the 
umpire errs in his interpretation of the letter of any 
special rule, can the captain call for an explanation, or 
appeal for a reversal of the illegal decision. It should 
be borne in mind that the penalty for a violation of this 
rule is the forfeiture of the game.) 

Sec. 2. Before the commencement of a game, the umpire shall 
see that the rules governing all the materials of the game are strictly 
observed. He shall ask the captain of the home club whether there 
are any special ground rules to be enforced, and if there are, he shall 
see that they are duly enforced, provided they do not conflict with any 
of these rules. He shall also ascertain whether the fence in the rear 
of the catcher’s position is distant ninety feet from the home base. 

Sec. 3. The umpire must keep the contesting nines playing con¬ 
stantly from the commencement of the game to its termination, allow¬ 
ing such delays only as are rendered unavoidable by accident, injury, 
or rain. He must, until the completion of the game, require the play¬ 
ers of each side to promptly take their positions in the field as soon 
as the third man is put out, and must require the first striker of the 
opposite side to be in his position at the bat as soon as the fielders are 
in their places. 

Sec. 4. The umpire shall count and call every ‘'unfair ball” 
delivered by the pitcher, and every “dead ball,” if also an unfair 
ball, as a “ball;” and he shall also count and call every “strike.” 


166 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


Neither a “ ball ” nor a “ strike ” shall be counted or called until the 
ball has passed the home base. He shall also declare every “dead 
ball,” “block,” “foul hit,” “ foul strike,” and “balk.” 

Rule 54. For the special benefit of the patrons of the game, and 
because the offenses specified are under his immediate jurisdiction, 
and not subject to appeal by players, the attention of the umpire is 
particularly directed to possible violations of the purpose and spirit of 
the rules, of the following character— 

Section i. Laziness or loafing of players in taking their places 
in the field, or those allotted them by the rules when their side is at 
the bat, and especially any failure to keep the bats in the racks pro¬ 
vided for them; to be ready (two men) to take position as batsmen, 
and to remain upon the players’ bench, except when otherwise required 
by the rules. 

Sec. 2. Any attempt by players of the side at bat, by calling to 
a fielder, other than the one designated by his captain, to field a ball, 
or by any other equally disreputable means seeking to disconcert a 
fielder. 

Sec. 3. The rules make a marked distinction between hindrance 
of an adversary in fielding a batted or thrown ball. This has been 
done to rid the game of the childish excuses and claims formerly 
made by a fielder failing to hold a ball to put out a base-runner; but 
there may be cases of a base-runner so flagrantly violating the spirit 
of the rules and of the game, in obstructing a fielder from fielding a 
thrown ball, that it would become the duty of the umpire not only to 
declare the base-runner “out” (and to compel any succeeding base- 
runners to hold their bases), but also to impose a heavy fine upon him. 
For example : If the base-runner plainly strikes at the ball while pass¬ 
ing him, to prevent its being caught by a fielder; if he holds a fielder’s 
arms so as to disable him from catching the ball, or if he runs against 
or knocks the fielder down for the same purpose. 

CALLING “play” AND “TIME.” 

Rule 55. The umpire must call “Play” promptly at the hour 
designated by the home club; and on the call of “ Play,” the game 


Playing rules. 


16'j' 


must immediately begin. When he calls “ Time,” play shall be sus¬ 
pended until he calls “ Play ” again; and during the interim no player 
shall be put out, base be run, or run . be scored. The umpire shall 
suspend play only for an accident to himself or a player (but in case 
of accident to a fielder, “ Time” shall not be called until the ball be 
returned to and held by the pitcher, standing in his position), or in 
case rain falls so heavily that the spectators are compelled, by the 
severity of the storm, to seek shelter, in which case he shall note the 
time of suspension; and should such rain continue to fall thirty min¬ 
utes thereafter, he shall terminate the game; or to enforce order, in 
case of annoyance from spectators. 

(The umpire can not suspend play on account of rain, 
unless it rains so heavily that spectators are obliged to 
seek shelter from “the severity of the storm.” An ordi¬ 
nary drizzle or a gentle shower does not produce this 
effect as a rule. can always be called by the 

umpire to enforce order, in case of any portion of the 
crowd becoming unruly.) 

Rule 56. The umpire is only allowed, by the rules, to call 
“Time” in case of an accident to himself or a player; a “block,” 
as referred to in Rule 35, Sec. 3; or in case of rain, as defined by 
the rules. The practice of players suspending the game to discuss or 
contest a decision with the umpire, is a gross violation of the rules, 
and the umpire must promptly fine any player who interrupts the game 
in this manner. 

(The umpire must do more than fine a player or play¬ 
ers who violate this rule. He must call “Play” imme¬ 
diately, and forfeit the game, in favor of the side at 
fault, within one minute after play has been called, if 
the disputing of decisions does not cease within that 
time.) 


168 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


INFLICTING FINES. 

Rule 57. The umpire is empowered to inflict fines, of not less 
than $5.00 nor more than $25.00 for the first offense, on players 
during the progress of a game, as follows— 

Section i. For indecent-or improper^ language addressed to the 
audience, the umpire, or any player. 

Sec. 2. For the captain or coacher willfully failing to remain 
within the legal bounds of his position, except upon an appeal by the 
captain from the umpire’s decision upon a misinterpretation of the 
rules. 

Sec. 3. For the disobedience by a player of any other of his 
orders, or for any other violation of these rules. 

Sec. 4. In case the umpire imposes a fine on a player, he shall at 
once notify the captain of the offending player’s side, and shall trans¬ 
mit a written notice thereof to the president of the association or 
league within twenty-four hours thereafter, under the penalty of hav¬ 
ing said fine taken from his own salary. 

Sec. 5. A repetition of any of the above offenses shall, at the 
discretion of the umpire, subject the offender either to a repetition of 
the fine or to removal from the field, and the immediate substitution 
of another player then in uniform. 

(Umpires did not enforce the rule last year, of remov¬ 
ing an offending player from the field for repeatedly dis¬ 
puting an umpire’s decision, as they should have done. 
It is a very effectual rule against kickers, especially kick¬ 
ing captains, who are nuisances on the diamond.) 

FIELD rules. 

Rule 58. No club shall allow open betting or pool-selling upon 
its grounds, nor in any building owned or occupied by it. 

Rule 59. No person shall be allowed upon any part of the field 
during the progress of the game (in addition to the players in uniform, 
the manager on each side, and the umpire) except such officers of the 



PLAYING RULES. 


1G9 


law as may be present in uniform, and such officers of the home club 

as may be necessary to preserve the peace. 

* 

Rule 6 o. No umpire, manager, captain, or player shall address 
the audience during the progress of a game, except in case of neces¬ 
sary explanation. 

Rule 6 i. Every club shall furnish sufficient police force upon its 
own grounds to preserve order, and in the event of a crowd entering 
the field during the progress of a game, and interfering with the play 
in any manner, the visiting club may refuse to play further until the 
field be cleared. If the ground be not cleared within fifteen minutes 
thereafter, the visiting club may claim, and shall be entitled to, the 
game, by a score of nine runs to none (no matter what number ot 
innings have been played). 

(There should be a rule in the code, as there is in the 
constitution of the league, prohibiting any player of a 
team from being party to any bet or wager on the 
game in which he participates.) 

GENERAL DEFINI I'lONS. 

Rule 62, “ Play ” is the order of the umpire to begin the game, 

or to resume play after its suspension. 

Rule 63. “ Time ” is the order of the umpire to suspend play. 

Such suspension must not extend beyond the day of the game. 

Rule 64. “ Game” is the announcement by the umpire that the 

game is terminated. 

Rule 65. “An inning” is the term at bat of the nine players 
representing a club in a game, and is completed when three of such 
players have been put out as provided in these rules. 

Rule 66. “A time at bat” is the term at bat of a batsman. It 
begins when he takes his position, and continues until he is put out, 
or becomes a base-runner; except when, because of being hit by a 
pitched ball, or in case of an illegal delivery by the pitcher, as in 
Rule 44. 


170 


UNIVERSAL BASE-BALL GUIDE. 


Rule 67. ‘‘I/Cgal,” or “ Legally,” signifies as required by these 
rules. 


SCORING. 


Rule 68. In order to promote uniformity in scoring champion¬ 
ship games, the following instructions, suggestions, and definitions 
are made for the benefit of scorers, and they are required to make all 
scores in accordance therewith: 


BATTING. 

Section i. The first item in the tabulated score, after the play¬ 
er’s name and position, shall be the number of times he has been at 
bat during the game. The time or times when the player has been 
sent to base by being hit by a pitched ball, by the pitcher’s illegal 
delivery, or by a base on balls, shall not be included in this column. 

Sec. 2. In the second column should be set down the runs made 
by each player. 

Sec. 3. In the third column should be placed the first-base hits 
made by each player. A base hit should be scored in the following 
cases: 

When the ball from the bat strikes the ground within-the foul 
lines, and out of reach of the fielders. 

When a hit ball is partially or wholly stopped by a fielder in 
motion, but such player can not recover himself in time to handle 
the ball before the striker reaches first base. 

When a hit ball is hit so sharply to an infielder that he can not 
handle it in time to put out the batsman. In case of doubt over this 
class of hits, score a base hit, and exempt the fielder from the charge 
of an error. 

When a ball is hit so slowly toward a fielder that he can not handle 
it in time to put out the batsman. 

That in all cases where a base-runner is retired by being hit by a 
batted ball, the batsman should be credited with a base hit. 

When a batted ball hits the person or clothing of the umpire, as 
defined in Rule 37. 


PLAYING RULES. 


171 


Sec. 4. In the fourth column shall be placed sacrifice hits, which 
shall be credited to the batsman who, when but one man is out, 
advances a runner abase, on a fly to the outfield or a ground hit, which 
results in putting out the batsman, or would so result if handled 
without error. 

FIELDING. 

Sec. 5. The number of opponents put out by each player shall be 
set down in the fifth column. Where a striker is given out by the 
umpire for a foul strike, or because he struck out of his turn, the put- 
out shall be scored to the catcher. 

Sec. 6 . The number of times the player assists shall be set down 
in the sixth column. An assist should be given to each player who 
handles the ball in assisting a run-out or other play of the kind. 

An assist should be given to a player who makes a play in time to 
put a runner out, even if the player who could complete the play fails, 
through no fault of the player assisting. 

And generally, an assist should be given to each player who handles 
the ball, from the time it leaves the bat until breaches the player who 
makes the put-out; or, in case of a thrown ball, to each player who 
throws or handles it cleanly, and in such a way that a put-out results, 
or would result if no error were made by the receiver. 

ERRORS. 

Sec. 7. An error shall be given in the seventh column for each 
misplay which allows the striker or base-runner to make one or more 
bases when perfect play would have insured his being put out, except 
that “ wild pitches,” “ bases on balls,” “ bases on the batsman being 
struck by a pitched ball,” or case of illegal pitched balls, balks, and 
passed balls, shall not be included in said column. In scoring errors 
of batted balls, see Sec. 3 of this rule. 

STOLEN BASES. 

Sec. 8 . Stolen bases shall be scored as follows: 

Any attempt to steal a base must go to the credit of the base-run¬ 
ner, whether the ball is thrown wild or muffed by the fielder; but any 


17^ 


Universal base-ball guide. 


manifest error is to be charged to the fielder making the same. If the 
base-runner advances another base, he shall not be credited with a 
stolen base, and the fielder allowing the advancement is also to be 
charged with an error. If a base-runner makes a start, and a battery- 
error is made, the runner secures the credit of a stolen base, and the 
battery error is scored against the player making it. Should a base- 
runner overrun a base and then be put out, he should receive the 
credit for the stolen base. 

EARNED RUNS. 

Sec. g. An earned run shall be scored every time the player 
reaches the home base unaided by errors before chances have been 
offered to retire the side. 

(Earned runs should be charged against the pitching 
only on the basis of base hits made off the pitching, and 
should not include stolen bases or bases scored in any 
other way.) 

THE SUMMARY. 

Rule 69. The summary shall contain— 

Section i. The number of earned runs made by each side. 

Sec. 2. The number of two-base hits made by each player. 

Sec. 3. The number of three-base hits made by each player. 

Sec. 4. The number of home runs made by each player. 

Sec. 5. The number of bases stolen by each player. 

Sec. 6. The number of double and triple plays made by each side, 
with the names of the players assisting in the same. 

Sec. 7. The number of men given bases on called balls by each 
pitcher. 

Sec. 8. The number of men given bases from being hit by pitched 
balls. 

Sec. 9. The number of men struck out. 

Sec. 10. The number of passed balls by each catcher. 

Sec. II. The number of wild pitches by each pitcher. 

Sec. 12. The time of game. 

Sec. 13. The name of the umpire. 


/ 

/ 


PLAYING RULE^. 173 

(By including in the summary the number of total 
bases made on base hits—such as two and three baggers 
and home runs—a premium is offered for record-playing 
at the bat. 

Assistances on strikes are not to be included in the 
record of fielding assistances. There should be a record 
added giving the figures of runs batted in by safe hits 
aitd legitimate sacrifice hits.) 

AMENDMENTS. 

Rule 70 . No amendments or change of any of these National 
Playing Rules shall be made, except by a joint committee on rules, 
consisting of three members from the National League and three 
members from the American Association; such committee to be ap¬ 
pointed at the annual meetings of each of said bodies, to serve one 
year from the tw'entieth day o‘f December of each year. Such com¬ 
mittee shall have full power to act, provided that such amendments 
shall be made only by an affirmative vote of the majority of each 
delegation. 


i 

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CAMPING if 

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CAMP OUTFITS^ 

A Manual of Instruction for Young and Old Sportsmen. 


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CHICAGO and NEW YORK. 





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